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WITTER'S 


BOOK-KEEPING 


AND 


BUSINESS  FORMS 


FOR 


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PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  AND  HOME  USE 


THREE  BLANK  BOOKS 

FOR 

SINGLE  ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING,  TWO  METHODS  ;  COPYING  MODEL 

LETTERS    AND    BUSINESS   PAPERS;     AND    PRACTICE    IN 

WRITING  LETTERS,  BILLS,  RECEIPTS,  ORDERS, 

AND  NOTES,  FROM  OUTLINES  GIVEN. 


FOURTH    EDITION. 

NORWICH, 
CONN. 

C  .    A .    WITTER 
1903. 

REDLANDS, 
CAL. 

tLduC 


EDUCATION  DEPT' 

'   '    •  "•'  Copyright,  18S6. 

By  C.  A.  WITTER. 


Printed  by  The  Bulletin  Co. 
Norwich,  Conn. 


PREFACE. 


Of  all  the  twenty  different  subjects  taught  more  or  less 
in  the  grammar  schools,  there  is  not  one,  on  which  there 
is  such  a  diversity  of  opinion,  or  no  opinion  at  all,  among 
those  who  plan  our  Courses  of  Study,  as  on  Book-keeping. 

It  always  appears  in  the  manuals  among  the  subjects  for 
examination  of  teachers,  and  marked  at  its  estimated  value, 
"two-bits,"  or  twenty-five  credits.  A  few  progressive  boards 
have  raised  it  to  fifty. 

In  thej  correlation  of  studies  it  is  placed  with  arithmetic, 
but  considered  by  some  as  a  separate  study  and  far  removed 
from  it.  One  of  the  leading  superintendents  in  the  state 
said  in  a  circular  to  the  teachers  of  his  county,  "Arithmetic 
and  book-keeping  should  be  correlated  closely,  since  in  the 
latter  study  is  found  an  expression  of  the  practical  use  of 
the  former.  Hence  it  is  recommended  that  more  and 
better  work  be  done  in  the  latter  study."  So  far  as  the 
work  done  in  the  grammar  grades  is  concerned,  book-keep- 
ing is  a  part  of  arithmetic.  It  cannot  well  be  taught 
in  arithmetic  but  with  it. 

We  teach  partnership — how  to  divide  the  profits,  not 
how  to  find  them — percentage,  profit  and  loss,  commission, 
brokerage,  insurance,  taxes,  duties,  stocks,  interest,  partial 
payments,  discount,  average  of  payments,  all  purely  busi- 
ness subjects,  and  leave  out  book-keeping  which  is  closely 
allied  to  them,  and  more  necessary  than  any  or  all  of  them. 

The  graduates  of  the  public  school  should  be  able  to 
write  common  business  letters  in  good  style  with  ease. 
They  should  know  the  form,  meaning  and  value  of  all  busi- 
ness papers  in  every  day  use,  and  should  be  capable  of 
opening,  writing  and  closing  a  set  of  ordinary  accounts  by 
the  best  single  entry  method.  All  this  should  be  practiced 
so  thoroughly  that  it  will  be  a  pleasure,  not  a  task  when 
the  time  comes  for  them  to'  do  it  for  themselves.  Is  this 
asking  too  much  for  the  "Boy  we  teach?"  Especially  for 
the  boy  who  must  complete  his  school  education  in  the 

(3)  M118288 


4  TREFACE. 

grammer  grades?  It  will  be  about  the  first  "Knowledge 
learned  at  school/'  that  he  will  use,  and  he  should  have  an 
opportunity  to  get  it  in  the  grammar  school.  It  will  take 
but  little  over  a  dollar  of  his  money,  and  less  than  sixty 
hours  of  his  time.  If  he  goes  to  high  school,  and  does  not 
take  the  commercial  course,  he  does  not  get  any  knowledge 
of  accounts  there. 

If  book-keeping  were  made  optional  with  pupils  all  would 
willingly  buy  the  necessary  books  and  study  it,  providing 
"may"  instead  of  "need  not"  were  used.  If  this  plea  for 
book-keeping  causes  any  honest  thinking  in  regard  to  its 
value  to  the  average  pupil  in  the  public  schools,  my  object 
will  be  attained. 

While  teaching  a  period  of  thirteen  years  in  a  city  school, 
I  was  convinced  that  my  graduates  ought  to  know  what  is 
mentioned  above,  whether  they  went  to  high  school  or  not, 
and  whether  it  was  on  the  course  of  study  or  not,  but  there 
was  no  book  containing  what  I  wanted.  Writing  from 
dictation  in  blanks  not  prepared  for  the  work  was  not  satis- 
factory. Single  entry  books  contained  too  much  and  were 
confusing.  Double  entry  would  be  useless  to  a  majority 
of  the  class.  I  used  many  text  books,  examined  more, 
finally  planned  and  wrote  Witters  Book-keeping.  The 
first  edition  was  published  with  the  assured  patronage  of  a 
few  superintendents  and  myself.  Since  then  when  revising 
each  edition,  the  suggestions  of  teachers  have  been  care- 
fully considered,  and  improvements  that  I  could  see  while 
using  it  each  year,  inserted,  until  I  am  confident  that  it  is 
the  book  for  the  place  for  which  it  was  planned. 

Its  merits  are  best  attested  by  its  popular  use,  and  the 
commendations  of  the  teachers  who  use  it. 

Please  read  the  points  of  superiority  which  are  claimed 
for  text  book  and  blank  books. 

To  the  many  friends  who  have  honored  my  book  by  their 

patronage,  and  who  have  said  many  kind  words  in  its  favor, 

I  would  express  my  most  sincere  thanks ;  and,  trusting  that 

this,  the  fourth  edition,  will  be  still  more  worthy,  I  remain, 

Yours,  very  truly,  C.  A.  Witter. 

Redlands,  Cal.,  February  ip,  1903. 


Points  of  Superiority   Claimed. 


The  book  teaches  the  "Single  Ledger,"  Direct  Entry, 
method  of  keeping  accounts.  It  is  also  called  the  Itemized 
Ledger  method.  This  method  is  used  by  ninety  per  cent, 
of  the  people  in  ordinary  business  because  it  is  far  superior 
to  any  other,  and  for  the  same  reason  it  should  be  used  in 
schools. 

Knowing  that  the  writing  of  many  methods  produces 
confusion,  only  two  are  given,  the  Single  Ledger,  on  ac- 
count of  its  merits,  and  the  Day  Book  and  Ledger  method, 
which  is  still  used  on  too  many  examination  papers. 

It  is  prepared  expressly  for  Seventh  and  Eighth  Grade 
work. 

Nearly  all  of  the  work  in  "Accounts"  consists  of  short 
practical  sets,  thus  giving  practice  in  opening  and  closing 
books. 

The  arrangements  of  the  sets,  that  the  learner  may  see 
what  has  been  written,  as  one  person's  or  firm's  business. 

Each  set  represents  a  business  for  one  year,  the  Re- 
sources, Liabilities,  and  Net  Capital  at  commencing  are 
given,  and  the  accounts  opened.  At  closing  the  Resources 
and  Liabilities  are  collected,  a  statement  made,  the  Present 
Worth  found,  and  the  Profit  or  Loss  shown. 

Printed  directions  tell  where  to  write  every  thing  in  the 
text  book,  and  how  much  space  will  be  needed  for  each 
account.     This  is  appreciated  by  teachers. 

Each  transaction,  at  first,  afterwards  only  the  most  diffi- 

(5) 


6  p6itfrs  'OF*  'superiority  claimed. 

cult,  is  followed  by  numbers  in  (  )  which  refer  the  learner 
to  an  explanation  and  direction  for  writing  it.  There  are 
fifty  explanations. 

All  the  Business  Papers  are  followed  by  varied  material 
for  reproduction. 

The  Blank  Books  are  short,  not  long,  giving  a  form 
better  adapted  to  school  desks. 

The  spaces  are  as  wide  as  copy  book  spaces,  and  long,  to 
allow  free  penmanship. 

The  paper  is  thick  and  heavy,  that  erasures,  not  holes, 
may  be  made. 

Only  one  Blank  Book  is  used  at  a  time,  as  school  desks 
are  not  large  enough  for  three  and  a  text  book. 

Seven  different  rulings  for  all  the  varied  work  in  the  text 
book. 

It  is  especially  planned  for  teachers,  who  have  not  made 
book-keeping  a  study. 

Copying  is  purposely  limited  to  the  business  forms. 

Last,  to  produce  the  best  results  in  the  shortest  time. 


PLAN  OF   WORK 


FOR  SEVENTH  GRADE. 

Part  First  to  second  year  of  Set  III.  While  this  is  being 
written  commence  Part  Second  and  write  one-half  of  the 
letters,  all  the  forms  of  business  papers ;  and  about  one-half 
of  the  material  for  receipts,  orders,  notes,  drafts  and  bills. 
Then  write  Example  X  and  Set  IV,  Part  Second,  and  in 
Part  Third  write  Set  VI. 

FOR  EIGHTH  GRADE. 

Review  the  whole  by  writing  what  was  omitted  in  Seventh 
Grade,  viz.,  The  Second  Year  of  Set  III  in  Part  First.  The 
letters  and  the  business  papers  that  were  omitted  and  Set 
V  in  Part  Second.     Set  VII  in  Part  Third. 


FLAN  FOR  EIGHTH  GRADE  ONLY. 

The  best  results  are  obtained  by  doing  the  work  outlined 
above  for  Seventh  Grade  first,  and  then  review  the  whole 
by  writing  of  that  omitted,  what  the  class  most  needs,  if  the 
time  is  limited. 


(7) 


TO  TEACHERS 


This  book  is  planned  for  the  learners  to  do  the  work,  not 
the  teacher ;  as  printed  directions  tell  where  to  write  every 
thing  in  the  book,  how  much  space  for  an  account,  etc. ;  and 
at  first,  a  number  in  (  )  after  a  transaction  refers  to  an 
explanation  and  direction  for  writing  it. 

Pupils  should  require  but  little  of  your  time  while  writing, 
save  to  insist  upon  accuracy,  perfect  spelling,  their  best  pen- 
manship, plain  figures,  and  straight  lines,  not  freehand. 

The  class  will  write  more  intelligently,  and  progress  more 
satisfactorily  if  the  questions  on  the  last  pages  of  this  book 
or  better  ones  are  used  while  the  work  is  being  done. 

To  save  time  the  teacher  should  have  a  set  of  blanks 
written  out,  then  when  a  pupil  cannot  possibly  get  the  cor- 
rect result,  and  concludes  that  the  error  is  in  the  text  book, 
let  him  read  the  amounts  only,  from  his  book,  and  by  com- 
paring them  with  the  amounts  in  your  book,  you  can  quickly 
detect  the  error,  and  thus  avoid  the  greatest  perplexity  in 
teaching  Book-Keeping.  A  set  can  be  bought,  begged  or 
borrowed  when  a  class  has  finished  the  work. 

See  plan  for  doing  the  work  in  seventh  and  eighth  grades. 
Page  7. 

As  business  transactions  are  written  in  certain  forms,  it 
is  well  to  teach  some  of  them  first,  by  dictating  them  to<  be 
written  on  the  board  or  paper.     A  few  are  on  page  21. 

Then  study  Set  I,  page  2J,  and  commence  writing  at  Ex. 
I,  page  42. 


(8) 


TO  PUPILS. 


"Whatever  is  worth  doing  at  all  is  worth  doing  well,"  is 
very  true  in  regard  to  Book-Keeping. 

Think  about  each  transaction-  before  you  write  it ;  if  you 
have  any  doubt,  read  the  direction. 

Do  not  ask  your  teacher  questions  that  you  can  decide 
yourself,  by  thinking. 

Your  trouble  will  not  be  to  know  but  to  do. 
Write  every  word  plainly. 
Make  every  figure  clearly. 
Spell  every  word  correctly. 
Draw  every  line  properly. 
Make  your  calculations  accurately. 
Do  all  the  work  neatly. 
Keep  your  columns  vertically. 
Write  everything  thoughtfully. 
You  will  need  beside  this  book  and  its  accompanying 
blank  books,  black  ink  and  pen,  red  ink  and  pen,  a  small 
rule,  and  a  blotter;  you  may  need  a  sharp  knife. 

If  you  cannot  add  a  column  of  figures,  or  multiply,  sub- 
tract, and  divide  small  numbers  correctly,  you  had  better 
practice  until  you  can. 

Perhaps  this  advice  will  be  needed  by  just  one  boy  in  the 
class ;  if  you  are  a  lazy,  careless,  thoughtless,  don't-care  sort 
of  a  boy,  do  not  begin  this  book,  it  will  be  nothing  but 
errors,  mistakes,  and  blunders  and  blots,  and  you  will  not 
succeed  in  book-keeping,  or  any  thing  else  that  requires 
thought. 


(9) 


Directions  and   Explanations. 


1 — Book-Keeping  is  the  science  of  accounts.  There  are 
two  kinds :  Single  Entry  and  Double  Entry. 

2 — In  Double  Entry,  the  amount  of  each  business  transac- 
tion is  written  twice;  and  accounts  are  kept  with  different 
kinds  of  property,  as  well  as  with  persons. 

3 — In  Single  Entry  (cash  on  account  and  Bank  Account  ex- 
cepted), the  amount  of  each  transaction  is  written  but  once, 
and  accounts  are  kept  only  with  persons. 

The  two  principal  methods  are  Single  Ledger  (double  page 
and  single  page) ;  and  Day  Book  and  Ledger. 

4 — Single  Ledger,  Double  Page,  has  but  one  book,  with  the 
Dr.  and  Cr.  pages  of  each  account  opposite.  The  Dr.  side 
shows  the  person's  indebtedness  to  you,  the  Cr.  side  shows 
your  indebtedness  to  him.  You  charge  or  debit  things  to  a 
person  by  writing  them  on  the  Dr.  side  of  his  acet,  and  you 
credit  a  person  with  things,  by  writing  them  on  the  Cr.  side  of 
his  acct. 

Each  page  contains  seven  vertical  columns,  the  first  is  for 
the  month,  with  the  year  at  the  top ;  the  second  for  the  day  of 
the  month ;  the  third  for  an  abbreviated  record  of  the  transac- 
tion, commencing  with  "To"  on  the  Dr.  side,  and  "By"  on 
the  Cr.  side ;  the  fourth  and  fifth  for  dollars  and  cents,  when 
there  is  more  than  one  item ;  the  sixth  and  seventh  for  dollars 
and  cents  when  there  is  but  one  item,  or  for  the  amount  of  all 
when  there  is  more  than  one. 
(10) 


DIRECTIONS   AND    EXPLANATIONS.  II 

When  "@"  is  used,  it  means  at  so  much  per  yd.,  lb.,  ft., 
etc.,  and  you  must  find  the  amount. 

When  "@"  is  not  used,  the  amount  following  the  item  is  the 
whole  amount. 

The  price  of  hay,  straw,  coal,  etc.,  is  given  for  one  ton,  and 
the  number  of  tons  is  quickly  found  by  dividing  the  number  of 
lbs.  by  two  and  pointing  off  three  decimals. 

The  price  of  lumber  is  usually  given  in  dollars  for  1,000  ft.,, 
the  number  of  thousands  is  found  by  pointing  off  three  deci- 
mals in  the  number  of  feet. 

Goods  are  said  to  be  sold,  or  bought  "on  acct."  when  they 
are  not  paid  for  at  the  time  of  the  transaction. 

Cash  is  received,  or  paid  "on  acct."  when  it  is  to  pay  for 
value  already  charged  or  credited. 

5 — Page  your  Blank  Book,  write  the  figures  within  one-half 
inch  of  the  corners ;  see  that  the  last  page  is  68. 

6 — The  first  page  of  Blank  No.  I  is  for  the  Index ;  write  the 
word  on  the  double  red  line,  over  the  vertical  line.  When  you 
open  an  account  write  the  name  on  the  index  page,  and  put 
the  number  of  the  page  close  at  the  right  of  the  name,  you  will 
have  two  columns  of  names. 

7 — An  account  is  opened,  when  double  pages  are  used,  by 
writing  the  name  on  each  page,  on  the  double  red  line,  letting 
the  small  letters  touch  the  top  blue  line.  At  the  right  of  the 
left  hand  name  write  Dr.  one  inch  from  the  end  of  the  line,  and 
at  the  right  of  the  other  name  write  Cr.  Then  write  the  name 
and  page  in  the  Index. 

8 — The  Cash  account  is  kept  to  show  from  whom,  or  for 
what  money  was  received ;  and  to  whom,  or  for  what  money 
was  paid  out,  also  the  amount  of  money  on  hand ;  the  Dr.  side 
shows  the  money  received,  the  Cr.  side  the  money  paid  out. 


12  DIRECTIONS    AND    EXPLANATIONS. 

The  amount  of  money  on  hand  when  the  cash  account  is  begun 
is  placed  on  the  Dr.  side.  The  amount  of  the  Cr.  side  sub- 
tracted from  the  amount  of  the  Dr.  side  will  show  the  cash  on 
hand  at  any  time,  if  each  amount  of  money  received  or  paid  has 
been  written  on  the  account.     See  Cash  Acct.  Set  I. 

9 — When  you  sell  anything  to  a  person  on  account,  or  trust, 
the  date,  quantity,  name  of  the  article,  price  per  yd.,  lb.,  etc., 
must  be  written  on  the  Dr.  side  of  his  account  and  the  amount 
put  in  the  second  money  columns,  but  if  there  is  more  than 
one  article,  let  each  have  one  line,  and  put  the  amount  of  each 
in  the  first  money  columns,  and  the  amount  of  the  whole  in 
the  second  money  columns,  opposite  the  amount  of  the  last 
article. 

id — When  you  pay  cash  to  a  person  on  account,  or  loan 
money  to  him,  put  the  amount  on  the  Dr.  side  of  his  account ; 
also  on  the  Cr.  side  of  the  Cash  Acct. 

11 — When  you  receive  cash  on  account,  or  borrow  money, 
from  a  person,  put  the  amount  on  the  Cr.  side  of  his  account, 
■also  on  the  Dr.  side  of  the  Cash  Acct. 

12 — When  you  buy  anything  of  a  person  on  acct.  or  he 
trusts  you,  the  date,  quantity,  name  of  the  article,  price  per 
yd.,  lb.,  etc.,  must  be  written  on  the  Cr.  side  of  his  account, 
using  one  line  for  each  article.  If  but  one  article  place  the 
amount  in  second  money  columns,  if  there  is  more  than  one 
article  put  the  amt.  of  each  in  the  first  money  columns,  and 
the  amount  of  the  whole  in  the  second  money  columns,  op- 
posite the  amount  of  the  last  article. 

13 — When  you  do  any  work  for  a  person,  charge  it  to  him, 
by  writing  the'date,  number  of  hours,  days,  or  months,  kind  of 
work,  and  the  price  per  hour,  day,  or  month,  on  the  Dr.  side  of 
his  account  and  carry  out  the  amount. 


DIRECTIONS   AND    EXPLANATIONS.  1$ 

14 — When  a  person  does  any  work  for  you  give  him  credit 
for  it  by  writing  the  date,  number  of  hours,  days,  or  months> 
kind  of  work,  and  the  price  per  hour,  day,  or  month,  and  carry 
out  the  amount. 

15 — When  you  give  an  order  to  a  person,  charge  it  to  him,, 
on  the  Dr.  side  of  his  account ;  and  give  the  person  on  whom 
the  order  is  drawn,  credit  for  it,  on  the  Cr.  side  of  his  account. 

16 — When  a  person  presents  an  order  on  you  from  some 
other  person,  give  the  bearer  of  the  order  credit  for  it,  and 
charge  it  to  the  person  who  gave  it.  But  if  you  pay  the  order 
when  presented,  only  charge  the  order  to  the  person  who 
gave  it. 

17 — When  you  sell  a  thing  for  cash,  or  receive  money  not; 
on  acct,  as  for  a  note,  a  trade,  for  labor,  etc.,  write  it  on  the 
Dr.  side  of  the  cash  acct.  only. 

18 — When  you  buy  goods,  or  any  thing  for  cash,  or  pay 
money  not  on  acct, write  it  on  the  Cr.side  of  the  cash  acct.  only.. 

19 — When  you  receive  a  note  in  part  payment,  or  in  full 
payment  of  an  account,  give  the  person  credit  for  it  on  the  Cr. 
side  of  his  account,  for  the  note  is  evidence  of  his  indebtedness, 
to  you.     (See  form  of  notes,  Part  Second.) 

20 — When  you  give  your  note  in  part  payment,  or  in  full 
payment  of  an  account,  charge  it  to  the  person  on  the  Dr.  side 
of  his  account,  for  the  note  will  be  proof  of  your  indebtedness 
to  him.     (See  form  of  notes,  Part  Second.) 

21 — If  you  let  anything  and  do  not  receive  your  pay,  charge 
it  to  the  person,  or  if  you  hire  anything  and  do  not  pay  for  it,, 
give  the  owner  credit  for  the  use  of  it. 

22 — When  an  account  is  carried  to  a  new  page,  leave  the 
lowest  space  vacant,  draw  a  line  with  red  ink  across  each  right 


14  DIRECTIONS    AND    EXPLANATIONS. 

hand  or  second  money  columns  on  the  horizontal  line  below 
the  lowest  figures,  then  add  the  right  hand  columns  on  each 
page  and  place  the  amount  of  each  under  the  red  lines,  op- 
posite each  other,  and  write  on  both  Dr.  and  Cr.  sides,  on  the 
same  line  as  the  added  amounts,  "Amt.  carried  pg.  — ,"  writing 
the  number  of  the  page  to  which  you  carry  the  account,  leave 
the  last  line  for  this. 

On  the  new  pages  write  the  person's  name  at  the  top  of  each 
page  as  before,  and  under  it  "Amt.  from  pg.  — "  giving  the 
page  from  which  you  transfer  the  amount.  (See  the  account 
of  Henry  M.  White  in  Set.  I.) 

Last,  write  the  number  of  the  new  page  to  which  the  account 
is  carried,  at  the  right  of  the  old  number,  in  the  index.  If  an 
account  is  balanced  the  balance  only  may  be  carried. 

23 — To  balance  an  account,  add  the  Dr.  and  Cr.  sides,  and 
write  the  difference  in  red  ink  on  the  smaller  side;  if  the  Dr. 
side  is  the  smaller  write  the  date  and  "To  balance"  in  red 
ink ;  if  the  Cr.  side  is  the  smaller  write  the  date  and  "By  bal- 
ance" in  red  ink.  Draw  one  red  line  across  both  money  col- 
umns, opposite  each  other,  under  the  longer  column  of  figures 
and  place  the  amounts,  which  are  now  alike,  on  the  line  below 
in  black  ink,  then  draw  double  red  lines  under  these  amounts. 

If  the  account  is  to  be  continued  write  the  balance  in  black 
ink  on  the  line  below  the  double  red  lines,  on  the  opposite  side 
from  the  balance  in  red  ink,  and  write  "To  balance"  or  "By 
balance,"  with  black  ink.  (See  William  Webster's  account, 
Set  I.) 

24 — When  an  account  is  settled  by  paying  or  receiving  cash 
find  the  balance  as  in  (23),  and  write  with  black  ink  "To  cash 
to  bal.,"  or  "By  cash  to  bal.,"  on  the  smaller  side,  then  add 


DIRECTIONS   AND    EXPLANATIONS.  15 

both  columns,  and  draw  the  red  lines  as  before.  (See  Web- 
ster's acct.,  Set  I.) 

25 — When  an  account  is  settled  by  giving  or  receiving  a 
note,  write  in  black  ink  on  smaller  side,  "To  note  to  bal.," 
or  "By  note  to  bal.,"  then  add  and  draw  the  red  lines.  (See 
Smith's  acct.,  Set  I.) 

26 — When  you  wish  to  keep  an  account  with  any  one  kind 
of  property  which  you  own,  write  the  name  of  the  property  for 
the  headings,  and  write  the  value  on  the  Dr.  side,  then  charge 
all  expenses,  and  credit  all  incomes,  and  at  the  end  of  the  year, 
write  the  value  of  the  property  on  the  Cr.  side  of  the  account, 
and  balance  it;  if  the  Cr.  side  is  the  larger,  the  balance  will 
show  your  profit,  if  the  Dr.  side  is  the  larger,  the  balance  will 
show  your  loss. 

27 — The  Bank  is  Dr.  to  all  money  that  you  have  deposited, 
and  to  all  that  you  deposit ;  and  Cr.  by  all  that  you  withdraw 
by  checks.     On  the  Dr.  side  write  "To  cash  deposited;"  on 

the  Cr.  side  by  "By  check  to ."     When  cash  is  deposited 

the  amount  must  also  be  put  on  the  Cr.  side  of  the  cash  acct. 
When  a  check  is  given  to  pay  "on  acct."  the  amt.  must  also  be 
charged  to  the  person  receiving  it. 

28 — Pages  34  and  35  are  for  a  record  of  the  notes  in  Set  III 
only ;  which  is  sufficient  to  show  how  it  is  written.  The  record 
is  usually  kept  in  a  separate  book.  Notes  Payable  include  all 
notes  that  you  owe.  Write  "Notes"  on  page  34  and  "Paya- 
ble" on  page  35.  On  the  next  line,  in  the  wide  space  at  the 
left,  write  "Note  to,"  in  the  next  "for,"  across  the  next  two 
"Amount,"  across  next  two  "Dated,"  next  "Time,"  next 
"Due,"  last  "Remarks."  On  the  next  line  below,  write  No.  i, 
James  Willis,  cattle  $500.00,  Jan.  15,  6  months,  July  15,  and 


l6  DIRECTIONS    AND    EXPLANATIONS. 

when  the  note  is  paid,  write  "Paid"  and  the  date  of  payment, 
in  the  last  space. 

29 — On  the  lower  red  line  of  pages  34  and  35,  write  as  you 
wrote  above,  "Notes  Receivable,"  and  instead  of  "Note  to" 
write  "Note  of."     This  is  for  a  record  of  all  notes  due  you. 

Notes  Payable  and  Notes  Receivable  are  usually  called  Bills 
Payable  and  Bills  Receivable. 

30 — The  Ledger  should  be  closed  yearly,  to  find  the  present 
worth  of  the  proprietor,  and  by  comparing  it  with  the  capital  at 
the  time  the  set  was  commenced,  to  find  the  gain  or  loss. 

The  statement  to  find  the  Present  Worth  is  usually  made  on 
detached  paper.  See  form,  page  24.  We  will  write  it  in  the 
book  in  the  form  of  an  account  with  the  proprietor,  in  Set  III. 

On  the  Cr.  side  write  the  name  of  each  kind  of  property 
that  he  owns,  and  write  its  fair  value  in  second  money  columns. 
(The  items  of  each  kind  of  property  may  be  collected  in  an 
Inventory  book,  and  amount  of  each  written.)     Read  (a  41.) 

Balance  all  the  accounts  in  the  Ledger,  and  write  the  names 
of  the  persons  that  owe  him,  and  the  amounts  on  the  Cr.  side ; 
also  the  cash  in  bank,  and  on  hand,  and  the  notes  due  him. 

On  the  Dr.  side  write  the  names  of  the  persons  whom  he 
owes,  and  the  amount,  also  the  notes  payable,  or  notes  that  he 
owes. 

The  Cr.  side  shows  his  Assets,  and  the  Dr.  side  his  Liabili- 
ties; if  the  assets  are  larger  than  the  liabilities  the  balance 
will  be  his  Present  Worth,  if  the  liabilities  are  larger  than  the 
assets  the  balance  will  be  his  Net  Insolvency. 

If  you  were  to  open  the  accounts,  in  new  books,  the  balances 
and  notes  would  be  carried  to  the  new  books,  but  in  Set  III 
the  accounts  are  continued  on  the  same  pages. 


DIRECTIONS   AND    EXPLANATIONS.  17 

31 — The  Profit  in  Single  Entry  book-keeping  is  found  by 
subtracting  the  capital  at  commencing  from  the  Present 
Worth,  or  capital  at  closing ;  and  the  Loss,  by  subtracting  the 
capital  at  closing  from  the  capital  at  commencing. 

Net  capital  at  closing,  $ . 

Net  capital  at  commencing,  $ . 

Net  Gain,  $ . 

Or, 


Net  capital  at  commencing,  $- 

Net  capital  at  closing,  $- 

Net  Loss,  $- 


32 — When  you  give  your  check  to  pay  for  anything  just 
purchased  and  not  credited,  make  but  one  entry.     Bank  Cr. 

33 — This  note  is  not  negotiable,  as  it  does  not  say  "to 
bearer"  or  "to  the  order  of,"  or  "order,"  and  can  not  be  trans- 
ferred or  made  payable  to  any  one  but  S.  Howland.  It  is 
payable  when  the  money  is  demanded  or  asked  for  by  Mr.  H. 

34 — This  note  is  payable  Sept.  30th,  to  J.  G.  Graham,  or  any 
one  to  whom  he  may  transfer  it,  by  writing  his  [Graham's] 
name  on  the  back ;  as  it  is  payable  to  order. 

35 — This  note  is  payable  Aug.  10th  at  the  bank,  the  inter- 
est, called  bank  discount,  for  30  days  is  deducted  from  the 
$300.  when  the  note  is  discounted ;  and  Mr.  Morse  receives  the 
balance,  or  proceeds.  He  pays  the  face  of  the  note  $300.  when 
the  note  is  due. 

Mr.  Day  indorses  the  note  by  writing  his  name  on  the  back 
of  it. 

36 — This  note  is  payable  Jan.  1,  19 — ,  by  two  persons;  if 
one  fails  to  pay,  the  other  must  pay  the  whole  amount. 

37 — All  of  the  sets  have  cash  accts.  The  disconnected 
examples  do  not. 


l8  DIRECTIONS    AND    EXPLANATIONS. 

38 — In  Part  Second  only  one  page  is  used  for  an  account, 
the  transactions  are  written  as  in  Part  First ;  the  first  money 
columns  are  for  Dr.  amounts,  and  the  second  are  for  Cr. 
amounts.  (See  Jacob  Wolfson's  acct.  for  mode  of  writing  and 
balancing  the  accounts.) 

The  cash  acct.  is  also  written  on  one  page,  with  the  first 
money  columns  for  Dr.  amounts ;  and  the  second  columns  for 
Cr.  amounts. 

39 — When  you  make  out  a  bill  of  a  patron's  account,  write 
the  balance  with  pencil,  and  do  not  balance  it  until  it  is  paid. 

40 — Posting  a  business  transaction  from  the  day  book  is 
writing  the  date,  name  of  article  if  but  one,  mdse.  or  sunds.  if 
more  than  one ;  the  page  of  the  day  book  on  which  it  is  writ- 
ten; and  the  whole  amount,  in  the  ledger,  under  the  proper 
heading ;  and  writing  the  page  of  the  ledger  at  the  left  of  the 
name  in  the  day  book.  (See  sample  ledger  page  of  Otis  Park's 
acct.  in  Part  Third.)  Open  an  account  with  the  proprietor  on 
the  first  ledger  page,  53rd,  and  write  the  date,  "By  Capital/' 
page  of  day  book,  and  amount  on  Cr.  side;  and  put  the  number 
of  the  ledger  page  at  the  left  of  his  name  in  the  day  book. 

Open  an  account  with  Winona  Bank  on  next  page  and  write 
"To  Cash  deposited,"  and  amount  on  Dr.  side. 

Open  an  account  with  Hugh  West  on  the  next  page  and 
write  "19 — ,  Apr.  1,  To  mdse.  1,  7.20"  on  the  Dr.  side.  Asa 
Long's  acct.  has  "To  mdse."  on  Dr.  side,  and  "By  work" 
on  Cr.  side. 

Find  the  transactions  in  the  Day  Book  with  Otis  Park  and 
see  how  each  is  posted  on  the  Ledger  Page  given.  No  Index 
is  given  in  2nd  and  3rd  books.  The  one  in  1st  book  will 
suffice  to  show  its  use  in  large  books. 


DIRECTIONS   AND    EXPLANATIONS.  19 

41 — When  closing  a  set  of  books  do  not  put  bad  debts  in 
as  assets. 

A  common  note,  payable  to  order,  is  outlawed  in  six  years, 
but  a  payment  renews  the  time  from  the  date  of  the  payment. 

The  receipt  for  money  paid  on  a  note  is  written  on  the  back 
of  the  note.     (Received  on  the  within  note,  etc.) 

Give  a  receipt  when  you  receive  a  sum  of  money,  and  take 
one  when  you  pay  money  in  large  amounts. 

Drafts  are  "accepted"  by  writing  the  word,  and  the  name 
of  the  person  who  accepts  or  agrees  to  pay  it,  across  the  face. 
.  Letters  instead  of  figures  are  used  in  marking  goods.  Cer- 
tain letters  may  be  used  for  the  digits ;  or  the  letters  of  a  word 
as  below: 


b         la         c         k 

s         m         i 

t 

h 

12345 

678 

9 

0 

f         r         e         s         n 

0         c         i 

t 

y 

Write  cost  above  the  line 

1.25,  b  1  k 

Selling  price  below  the  line     1.50,  f  n  y 

42 — When  you  pay  money  on  acct.  charge  it  to  the  person 
in  the  day  book,  and  put  the  amount  on  the  Cr.  side  of  the  cash 
acct. ;  and  when  you  deposit  money  put  the  amount  on  Cr.  side 
of  cash  acct.  and  charge  it  to  the  bank. 

When  you  receive  money  on  account  give  the  person  Cr.  for 
it  in  the  day  book,  and  put  the  amount  on  the  Dr.  side  of  the 
cash  acct. 

43 — When  a  note  due  you  is  paid,  write,  Paid  and  the  date, 
in  the  last  column  of  the  Notes  Receivable  record,  also  put  the 
amount  on  the  Dr.  side  of  the  cash  acct. 

44 — When  you  pay  a  note,  write,  Paid  and  the  date,  in  the 


20  DIRECTIONS   AND    EXPLANATIONS. 

last  column  of  the  Notes  Payable  record ;  also  give  Cash  credit, 
if  paid  in  cash,  or  give  the  bank  credit  if  paid  by  a  check. 

45 — Used  instead  of  a  note,  when  there  is  a  small  balance 
due  on  some  transaction. 

46 — An  order  on  a  bank;  to  be  of  any  value,  the  party 
that  gives  the  check,  must  have  money  deposited  in  the  bank. 

47 — A  letter  from  the  drawer,  David  Wilson,  requesting 
Henry  D.  Clark,  the  drawee,  to  pay  Hall  &  White,  the  payee, 
the  amount  mentioned. 

48 — A  draft  drawn  by  Harold  Ware,  on  Smith,  Harris  & 
Co.,  and  deposited  in  the  Citizens  Bank  for  collection.  When 
presented  S.,  H.  &  Co.  will  accept  it  by  writing  across  the  face 
the  word  "accepted,"  name  of  firm,  and  date,  and  it  is  payable 
ten  days  after. 

49 — Keep  the  bank  account  in  Set  IV  only,  as  below : 
19 — .  Citizens  Bank,  Dr. 

Jan.  1.     To  cash  deposited  440-30 

Cr. 
"     "      By  check  to  Lathrop  &  Son  80.00 


Dr.  360.30 

6.     To  cash  deposited  300.00 


Cr.  etc.  660.30 

Use  the  first  money  columns  only  when  you  enter  more  than 
one  check  at  the  same  time ;  or  when  you  deposit  cash,  other's 
checks,  etc.  at  one  time,  simply  to  get  the  amount  of  them. 

50 — When  a  party  gives  you  an  order  on  another  party 
credit  the  party  that  gave  the  order,  and  debit  the  party  on 
whom  it  is  drawn.  But  if  it  is  paid  when  presented,  only 
credit  the  party  that  gave  it. 


Simplest  Form  of   Accounts, 


Every  one  not  in  business  needs  to  keep  a  Cash  Account  just 
as  much  as  the  merchant.  It  will  show  where  the  money  came 
from  and  how  it  was  spent.     Cash  on  hand  at  beginning'.     Rec'd 

for ,  or  Rec'd  of ;  Paid  to ,  or  Paid  for ,  and  how 

to  balance  it,  is  all  there  is  to  learn.  See  the  form  by  single  page 
plan.     Page  23. 

If  but  very  few  business  transactions,  the  debit  and  credit 
entries  may  be  written  in  Day  Book  form, — See  second  page,  Part 
Third, — and  not  collected  or  posted,  and  when  settled  marked 
with  a  cross,  but  this  would  be  merely  a  memorandum.  See  forms 
below. 

Next  in  importance  to  the  Cash  Account  is  a  yearly  Statement, 
showing  what  you  own,  and  what  you  owe,  also  your  Present 
Worth  or  Net  Capital,  and  by  comparing  your  Present  Worth  with 
your  Net  Capital  at  the  beginning  of  the  year,  find  your  Profit  or 
Loss.     See  the  form  on  page  24,  also  read  (30). 

Henry  M.   White,  Dr. 
To  5  doz.  Eggs  ®  30$,  $1.50 

Henry  Garvsood,  Cr. 

By  1  Harness,  $15. 

Jacob  Smith,  Cr. 
By  2V*  days'  work  @  $2.50,  $6.25 

Dr. 
To  cash,  $5.00 

William  Webster,  Dr. 

To  cash  loaned,  $10. 

Nash  &  Coit,  Cr. 
By  order  of  Jacob  Smith,  $25. 


Examples   for   Practice. 


[Write    the    statements    on    detached    papers.] 

Frank  Fargo  has  the  following  property:  10  acre  ranch,  including 
house,  barns,  orange  grove,  etc.,  $10,000.  Household  goods,  $800. 
Piano,  $300.  Wearing  apparel,  $100.  Ranch  implements,  $250. 
1  pr.  work  horses,  $150.  1  horse,  $100.  3  vehicles,  $180.  1  cow, 
$60.  Hay  and  grain,  $50.  Hens,  $50.  1  Dog,  $30.  Money  in  Sav- 
ings Bank,  $300.  Deposited  in  Union  Bank,  $125.  Cash  on  hand, 
$10.  He  owes  S.  S.  Jones  $500  on  a  note.  A  lumber  company,  $25. 
and  sundry  small  bills,  $5.     What  is  his  Present  Worth? 

A  merchant  commenced  business  with  a  cash  capital  of  $1500. 
At  the  close  of  the  year  his  books  show  that  J.  Smith  owes  him 
$120.57.  W.  Grant,  $80.  I.  Jones,  $30.50.  K.  White,  $28.  B.  Wells, 
$31.50.  W.  K.  Bacon,  $37.75.  B.  F.  Smith,  $85.05.  J.  Green,  $16.50. 
O.  Lyman,  $69.68.  Cash  on  hand,  $2908.26.  Mdse.  per  inventory, 
$1075.45,  and  that  he  owes  Stiger,  Randolph  and  Co.,  $2000.  Show 
that  his  Present  Worth  is  $2483.26  and  his  gain  $983.26. 

A  merchant's  capital  at  commencing  was  $3500,  at  the  end  of 
six  months  he  has  cash  on  hand  $1575.  J.  L.  Smith's  note  for  $3750. 
Mdse.,  $4000.  A.  C.  Jones  owes  on  account,  $150.  H.  Smith,  $175. 
P.  Powers,  $107.25.  W.  P.  Hill,  $315.  He  owes  a  note  to  A.  Wix, 
$1500,  another  to  Henry  Kendle,  $3000.  S.  Wood,  Bal.  on  acct, 
$750.     J.  Hays,  $375.     W.  H.  Sweet,  $375.     Find  gain. 

James  Lawton's  resources  are,  mdse.  per  inventory,  $2,487.35. 
Cash,  $542.  Levi  Long  owes  $7.  John  Lee,  $68.40.  Henry  Foster, 
$38.  Lewis  Rich,  $62.  James  Guy,  $67.50.  Neal  Smith,  $12, 
Frank  Gray,  $10.50.  Peter  Rice,  $15.  Walter  King,  $31.  Edwin 
Cate,  $37.50.  Frank  Jones,  $1.75.  His  only  liability  is  a  balance 
due  Ira  Cook  of  $50.  He  commenced  business  with  $3130.  Has 
he  gained  $200? 


(22) 


EXAMPLES    FOR    PRACTICE. 


23 


Cash  Acct. 


Dr. 


Cr. 


1903. 
Jan. 

11 

1 

4 
14 
29 

To  cash  on  hand 
Rec'd  for  1  cd.  Wood 
Paid     M    1  Harness 
Rec'd  of  Wm.  "Webster 

65 
6 

10 

40 

25 

Feb. 

15 

Paid  for  Insurance 

Rec'd  "  10  bbls.  Apples  @  $1.50 

15 

8 

42 

Mar. 

16 

Paid  to  Jacob  Smith 

10 

u 

23 

11     for  1  Plow 

"      "2  Shovels  @  750 

"      "J  Fork 

6 
1 

1 

50 
50 

Apr. 

10 

28 

"      "   1848  lbs.  Coal  @  $5 
M      "   Citrograph  1  year 
"      "    1  pr.  Shoes 
11        11     1    it    B00ts 

':     to  Jacob  Smith 

4 
2 
4 
2 
8 

62 
50 

50 

June 

1 

Rec'd  for  1  cd.  Wood 
By  Balance 

5 

27 

36 

101 

40 

101 

40 

24 


EXAMPLES    FOR    PRACTICE. 


Statement 


June  30,   19 


Resources. 

House,  etc.,  84  Lake  St. 

2000 

Real  Estate,  18  Main  St. 

2000 

Mdse.  per  inventory 

1856 

40 

Dep.  in  Merchants  Bank 

536 

25 

Cash  on  hand 

92 

25 

Note  to  John  Harold 

200 

James  Hill,  Bal.  of  acct. 

18 

50 

Henry  White,"  " 

29 

40 

B.  F.  Jones,  "  "       " 

16 

85 

C.  A.  Smith,   "  u       " 

8 

15 

6757 

80 

Liabilities. 

Lusk  &  Jones,  Bill  of  Mdse. 

435 

Pyle  &  Cone,  Bal.  of  acct. 

175 

80 

Note  to  Silas  Jacobs 

332 

20 

943 

00 

Present  worth 

5814 

80 

Capital  at  commencing 

5000 

Net  Profit 

814 

80 

PART  FIRST 


(25) 


PART    FIRST. 

Single  Ledger.      Double  Page. 
Blank  Book  No.  1. 


SET  I. 
To  be  Studied,  not  Written. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  business  transactions  of  a 
farmer  with  Henry  M.  White,  a  grocer;  William  Webster,  a 
carpenter ;  and  Jacob  Smith,  a  laborer ;  also  the  farmer's  cash 
acct.  for  six  months. 

These  memoranda  are  followed  by  the  accounts  written  as 
they  appear  in  actual  business. 

Read  the  first  transaction,  then  direction  (7),  see  how  the 
account  is  opened,  then  (9),  notice  date,  quantity,  article,  price, 
amount. 

Read  the  next,  then  (7)  if  necessary,  then  (8).  (12)  will  ex- 
plain the  third,  etc. 

Study  the  set  until  you  can  read  rapidly;  Henry  M.  White, 
Dr.  To  5  bu.  Potatoes  @  75^,  etc.  Cash  Acct.  Dr.  To  cash  on 
hand,  etc.  Henry  M.  White,  Cr.  By  1  bbl.  Flour,  etc.  Cash, 
Dr.  To  1  cord  Wood.  Cash,  Cr.  By  1  N.  P.  Harness.  William 
Webster,  Cr.  By  2  days'  work,  etc. 

Look  up  the  answers  to  the  first  eight  paragraphs  of 
questions,  also  read  first  four  paragraphs  of  Explanations  and 
Directions. 

(27) 


28  BOOK-KEEPING PART    FIRST. 

Jan.  i,  19 — .  Sold  to  Henry  M.  White,  5  bu  potatoes  @ 
75^  per  bu.  and  10  doz.  eggs  @  35^  per  doz.     (7.)  (9.) 

The  cash  on  hand  Jan.  1st  is  $65.40.     (7.)  (8.) 

Jan.  4.  Bought  of  Henry  M.  White  1  bbl.  flour,  $7.50,  16 
lbs.  sugar,  $1.,  1  lb.  tea,  60^,  3  lbs.  coffee  @  25^.     (12.) 

Jan.  4.     Sold  for  cash,  1  cord  oak  wood  for  $6.     (17.) 

Jan.  14.  Bought  of  Henry  Garwood  1  nickel  plated  harness 
for  cash,  $25.     (18.) 

Jan.  15.  William  Webster  has  worked  2  days  making  a  sled 
@  $2.50  per  day.     (7.)  (14.) 

Jan.  18.  Jacob  Smith  has  bought  2  bu.  corn  @  95^,  1  bu. 
potatoes,  75f     (7.)  (9.) 

Jan.  20.  Sold  William  Webster  24  fence  posts  @  16^,  J4 
cd.  oak  wood  @  $6.,  2444  lbs.  hay  @  $18.     (9.) 

Jan.  25.  Worked  one  day  drawing  coal  for  Henry  M. 
White,  $4.50.     (13.) 

Jan.  26.  Gave  Jacob  Smith  an  order  on  Henry  M.  White 
for  groceries  to  the  amt.  of  $5.     (15.) 

Jan.  28.  Bought  of  Henry  M.  White  10  gals,  molasses  @ 
60^,  6  lbs.  raisins  @  i2j^,  4  brooms  (§25^.     (12.) 

Jan.  29.     William  Webster  has  paid  $10.  on  acct.     (11.) 

Jan.  31.     Give  Jacob  Smith  credit  for  one  month's  work, 

$15-     (MO 

Feb.  I.  Paid  $8.42  for  insurance  on  house  for  3  years.  (18.) 
Feb.  6.    Jacob  Smith  has  worked  4  days  cutting  wood  @  $1. 

(MO 

Feb.  8.  Sold  Henry  M.  White  1000  lbs.  hay  @  $20.  per 
ton,  2  cds.  chest,  wood  @  $5.  (9),  and  bought  of  him  5  gals.  k. 
oil  @  15^.     (12.) 


SINGLE    LEDGER.      DOUBLE    PAGE.  2Q 

Feb.  12.  William  Webster  has  bought  2120  ft.  chest,  plank 
@  $15.  per  M.     (9.) 

Feb.  15.     Sold  for  cash  10  bbls.  apples  @  $1.50.     (17.) 
Feb.  18.     Let  Jacob  Smith,  horse  and  carriage,  $2.     (21.) 
Feb.  22.     Delivered  to  William  Webster  860  ft.  ash  plank  @ 

$25.     (90 

Feb.  24.     Charge  H.  M.  White  2  bbls.  apples  @  $1.50,  10 

bu.  potatoes  @  75^,  5  doz.  eggs  @  30^.     (9.) 

Mar.  1.  William  Webster  has  given  his  note  for  $60.  paya- 
ble in  3  months.     (19.) 

Mar.  5.  Give  Jacob  Smith  credit  for  cutting  8  cords  of 
wood  @  $1.     (14.) 

Mar.  8.  Bought  1  box  salt,  42^,  24  bars  soap,  $1.,  1  lamp, 
$2.50,  11  lbs.  pow.  sugar,  $1.,  2.y2  doz.  oranges  @  30^,  of 
Henry  M.  White.     (12.) 

Mar.  16.     Paid  Jacob  Smith  $10.  on  acct.     (10.) 

Mar.  18.  John  Curry  presented  an  order  from  William 
Webster  for  1  cord  of  wood  which  has  been  delivered  to  him, 
price  $5.     (16.     One  entry.) 

Mar.  23.  Bought  of  Harris  and  Smith  for  cash,  1  Wright's 
plow,  $6.50,  2  shovels  @  75^,  1  fork,  $1.     (18.) 

Apr.  2.  William  Webster  gave  an  order,  on  the  farmer,  to 
Jacob  Smith  for  $8.25.     (16.) 

Apr.  5.  Henry  M.  White  is  debtor  for  20  bu.  oats  @  45^,  5 
bu.  turnips  @  40^,  1  bu.  onions,  $1.,  248  lbs.  pork  @  7^.     (9.) 

Apr.  10.  Paid  for  subscription  to  paper,  $2.50.  Paid  for 
1848  lbs.  coal  @  $5.  Bought  of  Isaac  Reeves  for  cash,  1  pr. 
calf  boots,  $4.,  1  pr.  thick  boots,  $2.50.     (18.) 

Apr.  24.  Henry  M.  White  sold  the  farmer  10  lbs.  rice  @ 
10^,  15  lbs.  sugar,  $1.,  y2  gal.  syrup  @  $1.12.     (12.)  (22.) 


30  BOOK-KEEPING PART    FIRST. 

Apr.  28.  Jacob  Smith  has  worked  12  days  @  $1.25,  and 
paid  him  $8.  on  acct.     (14.)  (10.) 

Apr.  30.  William  Webster  has  made  a  harrow,  $4.50,  re- 
paired cart,  $1.50,  mended  cultivator,  $1.25.  (14.)  Bought 
of  him  1  ladder,  $3.25.     (12.) 

This  account  is  balanced;  the  bal.  is  $10.05,  which  he  does  not  pay, 
therefore  it  is  carried  to  a  new  account.     Notice  how  it  is  done.     (23.) 

May  4.  Sold  to  Jacob  Smith  */2  ton  hay  @  $18.,  8  bundles 
straw  @  15^,  24  cd.  chest,  wood  @  $4.,  24  lbs.  pork  @  8^.    (9.) 

May  8.     Paid  Jacob  Smith,  $7.48  to  balance  his  acct.     (24.) 

May  21.  Bought  of  H.  M.  White  2  lbs.  soda  @  8^,  2  lbs. 
coffee  @  25^,  8  lbs.  ma.  sugar  @  20^,  %  lb.  nutmegs  @ 
$1.20,  %  lb-  PePPer>  io^>  /4  lb.  cinnamon,  12^,  34  lb.  cloves, 
12^,  1  box  figs,  50^.  (12.)  Bought  of  William  Webster  2 
doors  @  $2.50,  6  windows  @  $2.20.     (12.) 

June  1.  Sold  for  cash  1  cord  oak  wood,  $5.,  1600  ft.  chest, 
timber  @  $15.,  4  bu.  potatoes  @  50^.  (17.)  William  Web- 
ster has  paid  his  note  given  Mar.  1,  $60.     (17.) 

June  10  Received  $3.  for  use  of  oxen,  and  $2.  for  use  of 
horse  and  carriage.     (17.) 

June  14.     Jacob  Smith  has  worked  4  days  @  $2.     (14.) 

June  16.  Sold  Henry  M.  White,  32  gals,  vinegar  @  15^,  6 
bu.  turnips  @  25^,   10  doz.  eggs  @   15^,   16  lbs.  butter  @ 

25^     (9-) 

June  18.     Sold  Jacob  Smith  on  acct.  2  bu.  corn  @  75^,  10 

lbs.  pork  @  8^,  (9),  and  gave  him  an  order  on  Henry  M.  White 

for  1  bbl.  flour,  $6.     (15.) 
June  19.     Credit  William  Webster,  4  days'  work  @  $2.  (14.) 
June  24.     Bought  of  Henry  M.  White,  12  lbs.  milk  biscuits, 


SINGLE    LEDGER.      DOUBLE    PAGE.  31 

$1.,  6  lbs.  S.  G.  starch,  50^,  1  box  baking  powder,  50^,  10  lbs. 
oat  meal  @  6^,  4^  lbs.  prunes,  25^.     (21.) 

June  26.  Paid  township  tax,  $24.82.  (18.)  Bought  for 
cash  a  bill  of  dry  goods,  $16.18.     (18.)     Paid  freight  bill,  $4.50. 

June  28.  Sold  1  colt  two  years  old  for  $100.  cash;  and 
paid  $25.  for  a  horse  rake.     (17.)  (18.) 

June  29.  Sold  William  Webster  a  bill  of  timber  amounting 
to  $18.80,  and  1000  ft.  chest,  plank  @  $15.  He  has  worked  8 
days  @  $2.,  and  furnished  lumber  to  the  amt.  of  $23.80.  (9.) 
(14.)  (12.) 

June  30.  Credit  Jacob  Smith  with  10  days'  work  @  $2. 
(14.)  Bought  of  William  Webster  75  ft.  of  boards  @  4^,  and 
he  has  repaired  wagon,  70^.  (12.)  (14.)  Bought  of  Jacob 
Smith,  1  Alderney  cow,  $65.,  and  gave  him  a  note  for  $84.70 
payable  in  3  months  to  bal.  his  acct.  (12.)  (20.)  Sold  for 
cash,  2480  lbs.  hay  @  $18.     (17.) 

When  the  accounts  are  balanced  we  find  that  Henry  M. 
White  owes  $41.08;  that  the  farmer  owes  William  Webster 
$25.85;  the  cash  on  hand  is  $162.70;  and  Jacob  Smith's  ac- 
count balances. 


32 


BOOK-KEEPING PART    FIRST. 


Henry  M.  White. 


Dr. 


1903. 
Jan. 

1 

To  5  bu.  Potatoes  @  750 

3 

75 

10  doz.  Eggs  @  350 

3 

50 

7 

25 

it 

25 

"  1  day's  work  with  team, 
drawing  Coal 

4 

50 

Feb. 

8 

"  1000  lbs.  Hay  @  $20 

10 

2  cds.  0.  Wood  @  $5 

10 

20 

00 

it 

24 

44  2  bbls.  Apples  @  $1.50 
10  bu.  Potatoes  @  750 

3 

7 

00 
50 

5  doz.  Eggs  @  300 

1 

50 

12 

00 

Apr. 

5 

"  20  bu.  Oats  @  450 
5     44     Turnips  @  400 
1     44     Onions 

9 

2 

1 

00 
00 
00 

248  lbs.  Pork  @  70 

17 

36 

29 

36 

Amt.  carried  pg.  6. 

73 

11 

SINGLE    LEDGER.      DOUBLE    PAGE. 


33 


Henry  M.  White. 


Cr. 


1903. 
Jan. 

4 

By  1  bbl.  Flour 
16  lbs.  Sugar 
1      "    Tea 

7 

1 

50 
00 
60 

3      "    Coffee  @  250 

75 

9 

85 

» 

26 

"  Order  of  Jacob  Smith 

5 

00 

28 

"10  gals.  Molasses  @  600 
6  lbs.  Raisins  @  12j£0 

6 

00 
76 

4  Brooms  @  250 

1 

00 

7 

75 

Feb. 

8 

"  5  gals.  K.  Oil  at  150 

75 

Mar. 

8 

1  Box  Salt 
24  bars  Soap 

I  Lamp 

II  lbs.  Pow.  Sugar 

1 
2 
1 

42 
00 
50 
00 

iy2  doz.  Oranges  @  300 

75 

5 

67 

Apr. 

24 

"  10  lbs.  Rice  @  100 
15    "    Sugar 

1 

1 

00 
00 

y2  gal.  Syrup  @  $1.12 
Amt.  carried  pg.  6. 

56 

2 

56 

31 

58 

34 


BOOK-KEEPING PART   FIRST. 


Cash. 


Dr. 


lyos. 

Jan. 

1 

To  cash  on  hand 

65 

40 

« 

4 

Reed,  for  1  cd.  "Wood 

6 

(< 

29 

"      of  William  Webster 

10 

Feb. 

15 

"       for  10  bbls.  Apples  @  $1.50 

15 

June 

i 

1 

"  1  cd.  O.  Wood 
"        "  1660  ft.  Timber  @  $15 

5 

24 

00 
00 

"        "4  bu.  Potatoes  @  50^ 

2 

00 

31 

u 

t< 

11         "  note  of  Wra.  Webster 

60 

i< 

10 

"        "  use  of  Oxen 

3 

00 

14         "  use  of  Horse 

2 

00 

5 

00 

M 

28 

M        "  1  Colt,  2  yrs.  old 

100 

«( 

30 

"  2480  lbs.  Hay  @  $18 

22 

32 

314 

72 

SINGLE   LEDGER.      DOUBLE   PAGE. 


35 


Cash. 


Cr. 


lyos. 

Jan. 

14 

Paid  for  1  N.  P.  Harness 

25 

Feb. 

1 

"       M    Insurance 

8 

42 

Mar. 

16 

"     to  Jacob  Smith 

10 

23 

"     for  1  Wright's  Plow 
2  Shovels  @  75^ 

6 
1 

50 
50 

1  Fork 

1 

00 

9 

Apr. 
•I 

10 

<< 

"       "    1848  lbs.  Coal  @  $5 
"      "    Sub.  for  paper 
"    1  pr.  Calf  Boots 

4 

00 

4 
2 

62 
50 

"       "    1  "    Thick   " 

2 

50 

6 

50 

u 

28 

"     to  Jacob  Smith 

8 

May 

8 

u        it        ii           << 

7 

48 

June 

26 

"     Town  Tax 

"    bill  of  Dry  Goods 

24 
16 

82 
18 

"     Freight  Bill 

4 

50 

45 

50 

•i 

28 

"     for  Horse  Rake 

25 

00 

it 

30 

By  Balance 

162 

70 

314 

72 

36 


BOOK-KEEPING PART   FIRST. 


William  Webster. 


Dr. 


1903. 
Jan. 

20 

To  24  Fence  Posts  @  16^ 
y2  cd.  Wood  @  $6 

4 
3 

00 
00 

2444  lbs.  Hay  @  $18 

22 

29 

00 

Feb. 

12 

"  2120  ft.  Plank  @  $15 

31 

80 

it 

22 

11     860  "  A.     »     "     $25 

21 

50 

Mar. 

18 

"  1  cd.  Ches.  Wood  delivered 
to  J.  Curry 

5 

00 

Apr. 

2 

"  Order  of  Jacob  Smith 

8 

25 

• 

1 

"  Balance 

95 

55 

May- 

10 

05 

June 

29 

"  bill  of  Timber 

18 

80 

1000  ft.  Plank  @  $15 

15 

00 

33 

80 

it 

30 

11  Balance 

25 
69 

85 
70 

SINGLE    LEDGER.      DOUBLE    PAGE. 


3Z 


William  Webster. 


Cr. 


1903. 

Jan. 

15 
29 

By  2  days'  Work  @  $2.50 
"  Cash  on  acct. 

5 

10 

Mar. 

1 

"  note  at  3  months 

60 

Apr. 

30 

"  1  Harrow 

"  repairing  Cart 

"  mending  Cultivator 

4 
1 
1 

50 
50 
25 

"  1  Ladder 

3 

25 

10 

50 

u 

21 

"  Balance 

"  2  Doors  @  $2.50 

5 

00 

10 

05 

95 

55 

May 

6  Windows  @"2.20 

13 

20 

18 

20 

June 

19 

29 

"  4  days'  Work  @  $2 
u  8     u           ii     .i     u 

16 

8 

11  bill  of  Lumber 

23 

80 

39 

80 

» 

30 

"75  ft.  P.  Boards  @  40 

3 

00 

11  repairing  Wagon 

70 

3 

70 

"  Balance  brot.  down 

69 

70 

25 

85 

38 


BOOK-KEEPING PART   FIRST. 


Jacob  Smith. 


Dr. 


1903. 
Jan. 

18 

To  2  bu.  Corn  @  950 

1 

90 

"1    "   Potatoes 

75 

2 

65 

'« 

26 

"  order  on  H.  M.  White 

5 

00 

Feb. 

13 

"  use  of  Horse  and  Carriage 

2 

00 

Mar. 

16 

"  Cash  on  acct. 

10 

00 

Apr. 

28 

il           U          It          II 

8 

May 

4 

"  y2  ton  Hay  @  $18 
8  bun.  Straw  @  150 
tf  cd.  C.  Wood  @  $4 

9 

1 
3 

00 
20 
00 

' 

24  lbs.  Pork  @  80 

1 

92 

15 

12 

M 

8 
18 

"  Cash  to  bal . 

"  2  bu.  Corn  @  750 

1 

50 

7 

48 

50 

25 

June 

10  lbs.  Pork  @  80 

80 

2 

30 

ii 

" 

"  order  on  Henry  M.  White  for 
1  bbl.  Flour 

6 

00 

" 

30 

11  note  at  3  mo's  to  bal. 

84 

70 

93 

00 

SINGLE    LEDGER.      DOUBLE   PAGE. 


39 


Jacob  Smith. 


Cr. 


1903. 

Jan. 

31 

Feb. 

6 

Mar. 

5 

Apr. 

2 

« 

28 

By  1  month's  work 
"  4  days'  work  @  $1 
"  cutting  8  cds.  Wood  @  $1 
"  order  of  Wm.  Webster 
M  12  days'  work  @  $1.25 


"  4  days'  work  @  $2 
"  10  "  "  «  » 
M  1  Aldemey  Cow 


15 
4 
8 
8 

15 


00 
00 
00 
25 
00 


SO 

8 
20 

65 


25 
00 
00 
00 


93 


00 


40 


BOOK-KEEPING PART    FIRST. 


Henry  M  White. 


Dr. 


1903. 
June 


To  amt.  from  pg.  2 
"  32  gala.  Vinegar  @  150 
6  bu.  Turnips  @  250 
10  doz.  Eggs  @  150 
16  lbs.  Butter  @  250 


80 
50 
50 
00 


73 


11 


11 


80 


84 


91 


SINGLE    LEDGER.      DOUBLE    PAGE. 


41 


Henry  M.  White. 


Cr. 


lyua. 

By  amt.  from  pg.  2. 

31 

58 

May- 

21 

"  2  lbs.  Soda  @  8^ 
2    "    Coffee  @  25^ 
8    M    ma.  Sugar  @  200 
X"    Nutmegs  @  $1.20 
X  "    Pepper 
X  "    Cinnamon 
X  "    Cloves 

1 

16 
50 
60 
30 
10 
12 
12 

1  box  Figs 

50 

3 

40 

June 

18 

.    M  1  bbl.  Flour  delivered  to 
Jacob  Smith 

6 

00 

<t 

24 

'•  12  lbs.  M.  Biscuit 
6     "     S.  G.  Starch 
1  box  Baking  Powder 
10  lbs.  Oat  Meal  @  60 

1 

00 
50 
50 
60 

A%  "    Prunes 

25 

2 

85 

<i 

30 

"  Balance 

41 

84 

08 
91 

42  BOOK-KEEPING PART   FIRST. 

Commence  writing  here.    Blank  Book  No.  1. 

EXAMPLE   I. 

If  you  have  thoughtfully  studied  the  preceding  set,  you  will 
have  no  difficulty  in  writing  the  nine  following  accounts. 

Each  account  in  Blank  Book  No.  I  will  require  two  pages. 

Use  but  one  line  for  each  item  unless  (2  lines)  is  printed 
after  it. 

Omit  words  of  little  importance,  abbreviate  all  but  the  prin- 
cipal word  if  you  wish. 

Erase  the  errors,  there  are  few  vacant  spaces. 

The  examples  are  not  connected ;  in  the  first,  a  farmer  keeps 
an  account  with  J.  D.  Peterson,  merchant,  for  one  year. 

You  will  find  that  the  farmer  owes  the  merchant  $8.03. 

Read  and  heed  the  page,  "To  Pupils." 

Refer  to  the  directions,  whose  numbers  are  in  ( — ),  until  you 
can  write  the  transactions  correctly  without  reading  them. 

Read  (5),  then  (7),  and  open  the  account  on  pages  2  and  3. 

Jan.  3,  19 — .  Sold  J.  D.  Peterson  4  cords  wood  @  $4.  per  cord.  (9.) 
Jan.  5.  Bought  of  J.  D.  Peterson  2  yds.  broadcloth  @  $5,  and  trim- 
mings for  coat,  $2.12.  (12.)  Jan.  11.  Sold  J.  D.  Peterson  1  ton  hay, 
$15.  (9.),  and  bought  of  him  2  brooms  @  180.  (12.)  Feb.  4.  Sold 
him  5  bu.  apples  @  500.  (9.),  and  bought  of  him  20  lbs.  sugar  @  10^, 
1  lb.  V.  H.  Tea,  880.  (12.)  Mar.  18.  Sold  him  1  bu.  clover  seed,  $5. 
(9.),  and  bought  of  him  1  lb.  saleratus,  60;  1  lb.  ginger,  120;  %  lb. 
cloves  @  520  per  lb.  (12.)  Apr.  1.  Sold  him  4%  doz.  eggs  @  200.  (9.) 
Apr.  1.  Bought  of  him  17  yds.  sheeting  @  130,  2  yds.  linen  @  750. 
(12.)  Apr.  29.  Bought  of  him  20  lbs.  candles  at  120.  (12.)  Apr.  30. 
Sold  him  3  lbs.  butter  @  250.  (9.)  May  4.  Bought  of  him  2%  yds. 
cassimere  @  $2.00,  and  a  bill  of  carpets,  $31.81.  (12.)  June  3.  Bought 
of  him  24  lbs.  sugar  @  90.  (12.)  June  28.  I  have  pastured  his  cow  8 
weeks  @  250,  and  his  horse  6  weeks  @  380.  (13.)  June  30.  Sold 
him  7  doz.  eggs  @  160.  (9.)  Sept.  14.  Bought  of  him  2  lbs.  tea  @ 
750.  (12.)  Oct.  16.  Sold  him  16  lbs.  butter  at  250,  (9.),  and  bought 
5  lbs.  coffee  @  240.  (12.)  Nov.  1.  Sold  him  2  bu.  apples  @  500,  5  bu. 
potatoes  at  650,  1  bu.  onions,  $1.00.  (9.)  Dec.  4.  Bought  of  him  a 
bill  of  crockery  amounting  to  $14.88.  (12.),  and  sold  him  %  ton  hay  @ 
$20.  per  ton,  and  V2  ton  oat  straw  @  $12.  per  ton.     (9.)      (23.)      (39.) 


SINGLE    LEDGER.      DOUBLE    PAGE.  43 

EXAMPLE   II. 

A  blacksmith  keeps  an  account  with  Samuel  Hunt,  hard- 
ware merchant,  for  six  months.  Samuel  Hunt  is  Dr.  (13.)  to  all 
the  work  done  for  him,  and  Cr.  (12.)  by  all  the  goods  bought  by 
the  blacksmith.    June  30,  Mr.  Hunt  owes  the  blacksmith  $3.09. 

Read  No.  7;  open  the  acct.  on  pages  4  and  5. 

Jan.  1,  19 — .  Bought  of  Samuel  Hunt  1  anvil  150  lbs.  at  40,  1  vise, 
$4.50,  1  pr.  calipers,  250,  4  doz.  carriage  bolts  @  300,  2  doz.  carriage 
bolts  @  400,  1  pr.  compasses,  250.  Jan.  5.  Shod  1  pr.  horses  for  him, 
$4.  Jan.  6.  Bought  of  him  a  bill  of  iron,  $8.80.  Jan.  22.  Repaired  hia 
carriage,  $1.50.  Feb.  9.  Bought  of  him  1  set  gate  trimmings,  800,  and 
1  grindstone,  $3.20.  (12.)  Feb.  11.  Shod  1  double  sleigh,  $5,  and 
made  3  new  braces  @  150.  (13.)  Feb.  25.  Repaired  single  sleigh, 
750.  (13.)  Mar.  1.  Sharpened  shoes,  $1.  (13.)  Mar.  12.  Bought 
of  him  2  hammers  @  750,  (12.)  Mar.  30.  Bought  of  him  1  Monkey 
wrench,  750.  (12.)  Apr.  14.  Bought  of  him  1  doz.  punches,  600,  18 
lbs.  wire  @  50.  (12.)  Apr.  26.  Repaired  his  elevator,  $2.24.  (13.) 
May  4.  Set  2  shoes  @  150.  (13.)  May  14.  Mended  chain,  420, 
welded  iron  bar,  280,  shod  1  horse,  $2.  (13.)  May  28.  Bought  1 
square,  500,  and  a  bill  of  steel  tire,  $6.80.  (12.)  June  3.  Ironed 
wagon,  $20.  June  7.  Repaired  2  springs  at  75c,  drilled  iron  plate,  500, 
set  4  tires  @  350,  and  set  1  shoe,  200.  (13.)  June  24.  Bought  of 
him  1  wheelbarrow,  $2.00.  June  30.  Sharpened  4  chisels,  40c1. 
(23.)      (39.) 

EXAMPLE   III. 

A  carpenter  keeps  an  account  with  Charles  Moore,  dealer  in 
lumber  and  coal. 

(Open  the  account  on  pages  6  and  7  of  your  blank  book.  At 
the  end  of  six  months  the  carpenter  giVes  his  note  for  $30.  and 
balances  the  account.) 

Jan.  7,  19 — .  Bought  of  Charles  Moore  1260  ft.  spruce  timber  @  $15. 
per  thousand.  (12.)  (2  lines.)  Jan.  27.  Bought  1  ton  stove  coal,  $5.50, 
and  1  ton  chestnut  coal,  $5.50.  (12.)  Jan.  31.  I  charge  him  with  10 
days'  work  on  coal  shed  at  $2.  (2  lines),  and  16  days'  work  of  C. 
Scott  at  $1.75.  (2  lines.)  Feb.  11.  Bought  of  him  4000  cedar  shingles 
@  $41/£  per  M.  (2  lines.)  Feb.  15.  Scott  and  myself  worked  1  day  for 
him  on  scales  @  $1.75  and  $2.00.     (3  lines.)     Feb.  27.     Bought  of  him 


44  BOOK-KEEPING PART    FIRST. 

5  bundles  of  lath  @  200,  86  ft.  clear  pine  boards  at  $50.  per  M.  (2 
lines.)  Mar.  16.  Bought  100  ft.  2  in.  plank  at  50  per  ft.  (12.)  Mar. 
22.  Worked  for  him  8  hours  @  200.  (13.)  Apr.  9.  Bought  V2  ton 
ch.  coal  at  $5.50.  Apr.  26.  Bought  472  ft.  flooring  @  2y20  per  ft.,  864 
ft.  roof  boards  @  1%0,  260  ft.  spruce  joists  @  1^0.  (12.)  Apr.  28. 
Paid  him  $20.  on  acct.  (37.)  May  14.  Repaired  his  coal  wagon,  750. 
(13.)  May  27.  Repaired  roof  of  house,  $1.  June  8.  Bought  of  him  16 
fence  posts  @  200,  420  ft.  fence  boards  @  40.  June  16.  Made  for  him 
1  corner  cupboard,  $12.  (13.)  June  28.  He  has  sold  me  a  bill  of 
matched  P.  boards  amounting  to  $7.49.  June  30.  Gave  him  my  note 
at  60  days  for  $30.00  to  balance.     (25.) 

EXAMPLE   IV. 

The  following  is  a  furniture  dealer's  cash  account  for  one 
day,  June  30,  19 — ;  you  will  find  that  he  has  on  hand  at  the 
close  of  the  day  $181.36. 

(See  cash  acct.     Set  I.) 

Cash  on  hand  $72.86.  (8.)  Paid  freight  bill  of  $4.75,  and  drayage, 
$1.25.  (8.)  Sold  for  cash  1  set  En.  furniture,  $175.  Paid  for  sta- 
tionery, $1.25.  Received  cash  for  2  hair  mattresses  @  $12.,  1  up- 
holstered chair,  $20.,  1  spring  rocker,  $18.  Paid  James  Rose,  $5. 
Sold  for  cash  1  child's  crib,  $6.,  6  cane  bottom  chairs,  $12.  Paid  draft 
at  sight  of  Mason  &  Jones,  $150.  (2  lines.)  Rec'd  for  one  black 
walnut  book  case,  $24.  Sold  for  cash  1  piano  stool,  $8.50.  Bought 
for  cash  $50.00  worth  black  walnut  lumber.  Sold  for  cash  1  exten- 
sion dining  table,  $15.00.  Received  for  1  doz.  dining  room  chairs, 
$18.00  and  1  cane  rocking  chair,  $3.00.  Paid  William  Smith,  $10.00. 
Received  $50.00  for  1  sofa  bedstead.  Paid  gas  bill  for  1  month,  $6.75. 
Sold  for  cash  1  lounge,  $15.00,  4  office  chairs  @  $2.50,  and  1  marble 
top  wash  stand,  $14.  Received  for  1  teacher's  desk,  $25.00.  Paid 
$100.  for  rent  for  mo.  of  June.     (8.) 

EXAMPLE  V. 

The  following  is  the  cash  account  of  a  young  man  who 
works  for  -$50.00  per  month,  paid  weekly,  and  the  account  is 
balanced  at  the  end  of  each  week.     (23.) 

Jan.  4,  19 — .  Cash  on  hand  $10.00.  Paid  for  1  pr.  gloves,  500,  and  1 
blank  book,  200.     Jan.  6.     Paid  250  for  a  pocket  knife.     Paid  for  one 


SINGLE    LEDGER.      DOUBLE    PAGE.  45 

week's  board,  $5.00,  and  received  for  1  week's  salary,  $12.50.  (23.) 
Jan.  12.  Paid  for  telephoning,  250.  Paid  for  collars  and  cuffs,  250, 
and  laundry,  500.  Jan.  16.  Paid  1  week's  board,  $5.00.  Jan.  16.  Re- 
ceived 1  week's  salary,  $12.50.  (23.)  Jan.  18.  Hired  horse  and  car- 
riage, $2.00,  and  paid  for  a  suit  of  clothes,  $15.00.  Jan.  23.  Paid  for 
board  one  week,  $5.00,  and  received  $12.50  for  one  week's  salary. 
Paid  500  for  laundry.     (23.) 

(He  has  a  balance  of  $13.05  on  hand  at  the  end  of  three 
weeks.  This  is  sufficient  to  show  how  a  cash  account  balanced 
weekly  may  be  kept.) 

EXAMPLE  VI. 

Memoranda  of  an  account  kept  by  a  grocer  with  Elihu 
Barnes,  a  dry  goods  merchant,  for  one  month. 

June  2,  19—.  Sold  Elihu  Barnes  1  bbl.  pat.  Minn,  flour,  $6.50,  15  lbs. 
sugar,  $1.00,  15  lbs.  rice  @  60,  12  lbs.  loaf  sugar  @  100.  June  4. 
Bought  of  Elihu  Barnes  10  yds.  silk  at  $2.25.  June  5.  Sold  him  5  gals, 
molasses  at  650,  liy2  lbs.  cheese  at  140,  and  bought  of  him  14  yds. 
cotton  cloth  @  80.  June  8.  Sold  him  1  box  of  butter,  5  lbs.  at  250. 
June  11.  Sold  him  14  lbs.  ham  at  120.  June  14.  He  has  bought  of 
me  6  doz.  eggs  at  16^0.  (9.)  June  19.  He  bought  of  me  10  gals. 
K.  oil  at  150,  2  bu.  potatoes  @  650  (9),  and  I  bought  of  him  2  doz. 
buttons  at  250.  (12.)  June  21.  Sold  to  him  1  box  codfish  5  lbs.  at 
60,  1  bag  of  meal,  $1.15,  2  bu.  oats  @  400,  1  bu.  corn,  600.  Bot.  of  him 
2  yds.  ribbon  @  150,  3  yds.  lace  at  350.  (12.)  June  24.  He  sold  to  me 
IY2  yds.  flannel  at  180.  25th.  Bot.  of  Elihu  Barnes  4  yds.  broadcloth. 
@  $3.,  y2  doz.  linen  hdkfs.  @  $1.50,  16  yds.  sheeting  @  100.  29th. 
Bought  of  him  4  yds.  Hamburg  @  60,  3  yds.  satinet  @  $1.00,  1  pr. 
gloves,  $1.00,  2  pr.  hose  @  250.  (12.)  Sold  to  him  20  lbs.  pow.  sugar 
@  100.  30th.  Bought  of  him  1  necktie,  620,  Zy2  yds.  cassimere  @ 
$3.,  5  yds.  cambric  @  120.  July  1.  Paid  him  cash  to  balance  acct. 
$30.51.     (24.)      (37.) 

EXAMPLE  VII. 

Memoranda  of  Master  John's  receipts  and  expenditure  in 
his  hen  account  for  one  year ;  if  written  correctly  it  will  show 


46  BOOK-KEEPING PART   FIRST. 

that  he  made  a  profit  of  $7.44,  besides  having  a  stock  on  hand 
valued  at  $10.55.     (26.)     Write  for  heading,  "Hen  Acct." 

Apr.  1,  19 — .  Bought  2  large  boxes  for  a  hen-house  @  500.  (2 
lines.)  2  bundles  of  lath  @  250,  6  pine  strips  for  yard,  180,  3  lbs. 
nails  @  40,  boards  for  roof,  400,  and  paid  for  carting  boxes,  500.  (26.) 
Apr.  5.  Bought  13  fowls  at  750.  Apr.  6.  Bought  100  lbs.  meal,  $1.20, 
2  bu.  corn  @  600,  %  bu.  cracked  corn  @  640,  1  bu.  oats,  280.  Apr.  10. 
1  bu.  oyster  shells,  100.  Apr.  30.  He  has  sold  during  the  month  of 
April,  eggs  to  the  amt.  of  $1.60.  May  31.  Eggs  sold  this  month 
amounted  to  $1.84.  June  30.  Paid  $3.25  for  bill  of  feed,  and  sold  two 
dollars'  worth  of  eggs.  July  31.  Value  of  eggs  sold  this  month  $1.96. 
Aug.  31.  Received  for  eggs  during  month  of  August  $1.42.  Sept.  19. 
Bought  feed  to  the  amount  of  $3.42.  Sept.  30.  Received  for  egg3 
this  month  $1.62.  Oct.  31.  Received  $1.27  for  eggs  in  October.  Nov. 
30.  $1.34  was  received  in  November.  Dec.  31.  Credit  the  "Hen 
Acct."  $1.51.  Jan.  14.  Paid  for  feed,  $3.28.  Jan.  31.  Credit  $2.40. 
Feb.  28.  Received  for  eggs  this  month,  $2.58.  Mar.  31.  Sold  eggs  this 
month  to  the  value  of  $2.85,  and  have  on  hand  12  fowls  valued  at  650, 
1  hen  house  value  at  $2.50,  and  feed  on  hand  to  the  amount  of  250. 
(The  last  three  are  Cr.  items.) 

EXAMPLE  VIM. 

Sinclair  Farm. 

The  following  is  the  owner's  account  with  the  Sinclair  Farm 
rented  to  Jacob  Wilson,  per  lease  for  $400.00.     (26.) 

Open  an  account  with  "Sinclair  Farm,"  April  1st,  19 — ,  and  on  the 
Dr.  side  write,  To  value  of  Farm,  $5000.  Apr.  15.  Paid  for  paint  and 
oil,  $22.48.  (26.)  (37.)  May  1.  To  12  days'  work  painting  at  $1.75. 
4th.  Paid  Township  tax  of  $37.50.  18th.  Sold  1  stack  of  hay  6  tons 
at  $17.  (26.)  June  1st.  Paid  cash  for  insurance  on  buildings,  $15.25. 
8th.  Bought  for  farm  150  ches.  rails  @  80.  July  1st.  Received  1 
quarter's  rent,  $100.  (26.)  18th.  Sold  1%  cords  oak  bark  at  $30. 
Aug.  4th.  A  carpenter  worked  4  days  at  $2.  on  carriage  house  and  I 
furnished  lumber  to  the  amount  of  $4.85.  Oct.  1st.  Jacob  Wilson  has 
paid  1  quarter's  rent,  $100.  9th.  Paid  highway  tax  $6.82.  10th.  I 
furnished   10   rolls   of  paper   @    400.     Nov.  18th.     Sold  timber  to  the 


SINGLE    LEDGER.      DOUBLE    PAGE.  47 

amount  of  $28.65.  Dec.  11th.  Bought  80  tons  of  marl  @  800,  to  be 
drawn  at  expense  of  tenant.  Jan.  1st,  19 — .  Received  of  Jacob 
Wilson  $100.  for  rent  3  mos.  19th.  Received  for  timber  sold,  $52.35. 
Feb.  8th.  I  have  taken  for  my  own  use  6  cords  of  wood  valued  when 
standing  at  $2.50  per  cord.  (26.)  25th.  My  tenant  has  made  1  gate 
$1.50  which  I  pay  for.  Mar.  18th.  To  painting  kitchen,  $2.40.  Mar. 
24th.  Paid  for  mason  work,  $3.60.  Have  taken  for  my  own  use  20 
fence  posts,  worth  150  each.  28th.  Paid  for  making  10  pair  bar  posts 
@  250.     31st.     Jacob  Wilson  has  paid  1  qr's.  rent,  $100. 

As  I  have  put  on  as  much  as  I  have  taken  from  the  farm,  I  call  its 
value  $5000.     (26.) 

If  you  have  written  the  account  correctly  you  will  find  the 
owner's  profit  to  be  $440.10. 

EXAMPLE  IX. 

No.  76  Orange  St. 

Owner's  account  with  House  and  Lot,  No.  76  Orange  St., 
valued  at  $4000,  and  rented  to  Henry  Nichols  for  $300. 

Open  an  account  with  "No.  76  Orange  St.;"  as  the  rent  is  paid 
monthly  give  the  property  credit,  on  the  last  day  of  each  month  dur- 
ing the  year,  for  $25.,  and  enter  the  following  memoranda  of  ex- 
penses on  the  Dr.  side  (26.)  after  writing  the  value  of  the  property 
Jan.  1,  19 — ,  on  the  Dr.  side.  Jan.  1.  Paid  $24.  for  insurance  for  three 
years,  ^  of  $24.  to  be  charged  this  year.  (37.)  Feb.  24.  The  plumber 
cleared  the  frozen  water  pipes  at  a  cost  of  $2.50.  Mar.  16.  Paid  for 
repairing  side-walk,  $1.50.  Apr.  1.  Paid  Township  tax  of  $22.50. 
Apr.  4.  Paid  3  months'  water  bill,  $3.00.  May  16.  Paid  School  tax, 
$7.50.  June  5.  Bought  50  lbs.  paint  @  6%fc  4  gals,  oil  at  $1.  July  1. 
Paid  water  bill,  $3.00.  29th.  Repairing  fence,  $1.75,  1  fence  post,  25f*. 
Oct.  1.  Paid  1  quarter's  water  rent,  $3.00.  Nov.  14.  Bought  3  elm 
shade  trees,  $5.00.  15th.  Paid  City  tax,  $21.00.  Dec.  31.  Paid  water 
bill  for  3  mos.,  $3.00. 

Calling  the  value  of  the  property  at  the  end  of  the  year, 
$4000,  the  owner's  profit,  or  balance  is  $210.75.     (26.) 


48  BOOK-KEEPING PART    FIRST. 

SET    II. 

The  following  is  a  record  of  the  business  transactions 
of  a  farmer  with  a  blacksmith,  carpenter,  dry  goods  merchant, 
grocer,  hired  man,  neighbor,  and  cash,  for  a  year. 

The  occupations  are  given,  and  the  learner  may  substitute 
for  them  the  names  of  persons  following  these  occupations 
with  whom  he  is  acquainted. 

If  the  transactions  are  properly  written  you  will  find  that  the 
farmer  owes  the  blacksmith,  $29.90,  and  the  hired  man,  $46.78 ; 
that  the  carpenter  owes  the  farmer,  $18.46,  the  merchant, 
$14.53,  tne  grocer,  $45.53 ;  that  he  has  cash  on  hand,  $109.20, 
and  the  neighbor's  account  balances. 

January. 

2nd.  The  blacksmith  has  shod  my  horses  $3.  (14.)  Sold 
the  carpenter  y2  ton  of  hay  @  $22.50.  (9.)  Bought  of  the 
grocer  1  bbl.  of  flour,  $6.25.  (12.)  The  carpenter  has  re- 
paired my  sled  for  $2.84.  (14.)  I  have  cash  on  hand,  $48.20. 
(37.)  10th.  I  have  received  for  teaming,  $5.00.  (17.)  And 
paid  for  insurance  on  house,  $8.65.  (18.)  14th.  My  hired 
man  has  cut  wood  for  me  6  days  @  $1.00.  Sold  my  neighbor 
12  lbs.  mutton  @  12^.  21st.  The  blacksmith  has  bolted  yoke 
for  me,  75^.  Sold  1  cd.  wood  to  hired  man,  $5.00.  (9).  Sold 
ths  grocer  1  cord  walnut  wood  for  $6.00.  28th.  I  have 
bought  of  the  carpenter  1  ox  sled  @  $15.00;  and  sold  him  1000 
ft.  ash  plank  at  $25.  per  thousand.     (9.) 

February. 

1st.  Bought  of  dry  goods  merchant  a  bill  of  dry  goods 
amounting  to  $12.68,  and  sold  him  6  bu.  potatoes  @  65^,  4 
doz.  eggs  @  36^,  15  lbs.  mutton  at  I2f  4th.  The  black- 
smith has  shod  my  sleigh  for  $4.00.  Drew  wood  for  my  hired 
man  1  day,  $4.50.     11th.     Sold  the  grocer  480  lbs.  pork  @  7^. 


SINGLE    LEDGER.      DOUBLE    PAGE. 


49 


Paid  my  hired  man,  $2.00  (10.),  and  he  has  worked  10  days  @ 
$1.  (14.)  The  carpenter  has  filed  my  cross-cut  saw,  50^.  Paid 
for  1  year's  subscription  for  paper,  $2.00.  (18.)  14th.  The 
carpenter  has  worked  2  days  for  me  @  $2.00.  27th.  The 
grocer  has  bought  of  me  1  cord  chest,  wood  at  $5.00  (9.),  and 
I  have  bought  of  hirn  10  gals,  molasses  at  65^,  10.  gals.  K.  oil 
at  15^,  2  doz.  oranges  at  40^.  28th.  The  merchant  has 
bought  of  me  1  cord  oak  wood,  $6.00.  Sold  for  cash  2  cords 
chest,  wood  at  $5.00.     (17.) 

March. 
4th.  Drew  1  ton  of  coal  for  blacksmith,  $2.00,  and  1  load 
old  iron  to  foundry,  $1.50  (13.),  he  has  mended  log  chain  for 
me  25^,  and  1  iron  bar  20^.  9th.  Drew  lumber  for  carpenter 
$3.00,  and  bought  of  him  380  ft.  oak  plank  @  3^.  (13.)  (12.) 
16th.  The  merchant  has  sold  me  18  yds.  cotton  cloth  at  8#,  I 
umbrella,  $1.75,  2  doz.  buttons  @  40^,  1  pr.  gloves,  $1.25. 
18th.  I  have  bought  of  the  grocer  24  lbs.  sugar  @  7^,  20  lbs. 
gran,  sugar  @  10$,  10  lbs.  pow.  sugar,  $1.00;  and  sold  him  1 
jar  butter  35  lbs.  at  30^.  19th.  The  hired  man  has  worked  6 
days  at  $1.00;  and  he  has  hired  my  horse  and  carriage  one 
day,  $1.50.     (21.) 

April. 
1st.  Sold  the  blacksmith  y2  ton  of  hay  at  %22. ;  and  he  has 
made  for  me  17  harrow  teeth  at  10^.  2nd.  The  carpenter  has 
worked  for  me  3  days  @  $2.00. ;  he  has  bought  of  me  1^2  tons 
of  hay  at  $22.  5th.  Sold  to  the  merchant  a  bill  of  timber  for 
barn,  $35. ;  and  bought  of  him  3  yds.  Turkey  red  cloth  at  25^, 
20  yds.  Hamburg  @  2$,  10  yds.  bleached  c.  cloth  at  7^,  12  yds. 
unbleached  c.  cloth  at  5$.  12th.  Sold  the  grocer  12  doz.  eggs 
at  20^,  4  bu.  potatoes  @  70^ ;  bought  of  him  9  lbs.  prunes  at 
6^,  8  lbs.  mackerel  @  8$.     30th.  The  hired  man  has  worked 


50  BOOK-KEEPING — PART   FIRST. 

for  me  I  month,  $20. ;  and  I  have  paid  him  $10.  (10.)  30th. 
My  neighbor  has  helped  me  2  days  sawing  wood  @  $1.50. 
Paid  for  sawing  wood  by  horse  power  2  days  @  $5.     (18.) 

May. 

8th.  Traded  horses  with  my  neighbor  and  received  $20.00. 
(17.  only),  and  sold  him  5  bu.  seed  oats  at -40^,  1  bu.  seed  po- 
tatoes, $1.00.  14th.  My  neighbor  has  worked  1  day  grafting 
trees  for  me,  $1.50.  18th.  Was  paid  $5.  for  1  day's  work  with 
team.  27th.  Plowed  garden  for  hired  man,  75$.  31st.  Bought 
of  the  grocer  1  bbl.  flour,  $6.00.  Sold  the  merchant  y2  ton 
rye  straw  at  $16.     My  hired  man  has  worked  1  month,  $20.00. 

June. 
4th.  Bought  1  cultivator  for  cash,  $6.50.  10th.  My  neigh- 
bor has  hoed  corn  for  me  3  days  at  $1.50;  and  I  have  sold  him 
2  pigs  at  $5.00.  The  blacksmith  has  shod  my  horse,  $2.00. 
19th.  Drew  1  ton  of  coal  for  the  blacksmith,  $2.00.  Bought  of 
the  grocer  2  lbs.  tea  at  75^.  30th.  Paid  for  repairing  bicycle, 
$3.25.     My  hired  man  has  worked  1  month,  $20.00. 

July. 
2nd.  Bought  of  the  grocer,  1  doz.  lemons,  25^,  1  sack  coarse 
salt,  $4.00,  18  lbs.  rock  salt  @  2$.  The  blacksmith  has  re- 
paired my  mowing  machine,  $1.25.  4th.  Received  for  horse 
and  carriage,  $3.00.  5th.  The  carpenter  has  made  for  me  1 
revolving  horse  rake,  $8.00;  and  1  set  hay  shelvings,  $4.00. 
Paid  for  horse  pitchfork,  $7.00.  The  blacksmith  has  made  for 
me  2  pulley  fasteners  @  50^.  11th.  My  neighbor  has  helped 
me  2  days  haying  at  $2.00 ;  and  I  have  worked  for  him  1  day 
with  mowing  machine,  $5.00.  31st.  I  credit  my  hired  man 
with  1  month's  work,  $20. ;  and  the  carpenter  with  4  hours' 
work  at  20^. 


single  ledger.    double  page.  51 

August. 

1st.  Have  kept  i  horse  for  the  grocer  8  weeks  @  75^.  Paid 
the  hired  man,  $20.00,  and  gave  him  my  note  at  3  mo.  for  $50. 
Received  cash  for  2  tons  hay  from  field  at  $18.00.  12th.  My 
neighbor  has  worked  for  me  4  days  cradling  at  $2.50,  and  he 
has  hired  my  team  1  day,  $3.00.  18th.  Bought  of  the  mer- 
chant a  bill  of  dry  goods  amounting  to  $8.44 ;  and  sold  him  16 
lbs.  butter  at  25^.  21st.  Gave  my  hired  man  an  order  on  the 
grocer  for  $10.00.  (15.)  28th.  The  blacksmith  has  shod  my 
horse  $2.00,  and  I  have  sold  him  6  lbs.  butter  @  25^.  The 
carpenter  has  repaired  my  cultivator,  50^.  31st.  My  hired 
man  has  worked  1  month,  $20.00.  Paid  cash  for  threshing, 
$8.00.  Have  delivered  to  John  Hall  1  ton  of  hay  on  an  order 
from  the  carpenter,  $16.     (16.) 

September. 

4th.  Paid  for  2  bu.  seed  wheat  at  $2.00,  and  for  freight  50^. 
Received  pay  2  loads  straw  @  $10.,  and  for  teaming,  $7.50. 
(17.)  6th.  Bought  of  my  neighbor  11  hens  @  60^,  and  sold 
him  1  calf  for  $6^.  10th.  I  charge  my  hired  man  1  day's  lost 
time,  JJ$,  and  use  of  horse  and  carriage,  $1.50.  (21.)  11th. 
Sold  the  grocer  4  bu.  apples  at  40^,  3  bu.  potatoes  at  70^,  1  bu. 
turnips,  40^.  Bought  of  the  merchant  2  pr.  overalls  at  37^^, 
and  sold  him  2  bu.  potatoes  at  70^.  18th.  The  carpenter  has 
mended  my  ladder,  75^,  and  I  have  bought  of  him  1  new  one 
for  $3.00.  24th.  The  blacksmith  has  shod  my  horses  for 
$3.00.  30th.  Sold  the  blacksmith  2  bu.  potatoes  at  70^,  1  bu. 
turnips  at  35^.  Sold  my  neighbor  15  eggs  at  40^  per  doz.,  and 
14  lbs.  pork  at  9^.  Credit  hired  man  by  1  month's  work,  $20.00. 

October. 

3rd.  My  neighbor  has  borrowed  $5.00  of  me  (10.),  and  I 
have  sold  him  1  old  wagon  for  $12.00.  8th.  Sold  to  the  car- 
penter 25  bundles  rye  straw  at  6^.     9th.  Bought  for  cash  10 


52  BOOK-KEEPING PART    FIRST. 

lbs.  oat  meal  @  6^,  I  box  figs,  50^.  Charge  the  blacksmith 
for  pasturing  horse  6  weeks  at  75^,  and  give  him  credit  for 
mending  chain,  25^.  14th.  Hauled  2  loads  lumber  for  car- 
penter at  $3,  and  2  cords  wood  @  $1.  (13.)  18th.  Sold  to 
the  grocer  3  bu.  apples  at  75^,  20  lbs.  butter  @  32^.  19th. 
Sold  to  hired  man  5  lambs  at  $3.50.  21st.  My  neighbor  has 
paid  $5.00.  24th.  My  hired  man  has  worked  1  month,  $20.00, 
and  I  have  sold  him  12  bu.  oats  at  40^. 

November. 

1st.  Paid  note  of  hired  man,  $50.  (18.)  My  neighbor  has 
paid  me  $20.  on  acct.  (11.)  4th.  Sold  the  grocer  10  bu.  oats 
@  40^,  1  load  rye  straw,  $8.,  5  bu.  potatoes  @  70^.  (9.)  8th. 
Sold  my  neighbor  1  bbl.  apples,  $2.,  1  bbl.  $1.50,  and  5  bu.  oats 
at  40^.  17th.  Sold  for  cash  18  bbls.  apples  @  $1.25,  10  bbls. 
@  $1.50.  24th.  The  merchant  has  bought  of  me  3  bbls. 
apples  at  $1.75,  1  ton  hay,  $18.,  *^  ton  rye  straw  at  $12.  (9.), 
and  he  has  paid  me  $30.  on  acct.  (11.)  Sold  my  neighbor  62 
lbs.  beef  @  8^.  28th.  The  carpenter  has  made  a  stalk  sled  for 
me,  $6.50,  and  has  worked  7  days  @  $2.  for  me.  (14.)  30th. 
My  hired  man  has  worked  8  days  @  $1.  for  me  this  month. 

December. 

9th.  My  neighbor  has  helped  me  1  day  sawing  wood,  $1.50, 
2  days  drawing  logs  at  $1.50,  and  I  have  sold  him  1  stick  of 
timber  for  $3.  and  one  for  $5.50.  11th.  Bought  of  the  mer- 
chant 20  yds.  carpet  at  85^,  1  lady's  wrap,  $18.,  3  yds.  broad- 
cloth @  $3.,  and  sold  him  26  lbs.  butter  @  30^,  2  bbls.  apples 
@  $1.75,  1  ton  hay,  $20.  15th.  Bought  of  the  carpenter  1  saw 
horse,  75^,  1  wagon  jack,  $1.25.  16th.  Sold  to  the  blacksmith 
4  bbls.  apples  @  $1.75.  18th.  Bought  of  my  neighbor  1  stick 
of  timber  for  sled  tongue,  $1.25.     Bought  of  the  grocer  1  bbl. 


SINGLE    LEDGER.      DOUBLE    PAGE.  53 

flour,  $6.  19th.  Bought  of  the  blacksmith  I  sleigh,  $40.,  and 
he  has  repaired  my  sled,  75^,  and  1  log  chain,  50^,  1  yoke,  50^. 
23rd.  Bought  of  the  merchant  1  pr.  blankets,  $4.  Bought  of 
my  neighbor  1  ox  yoke,  $6.,  and  y2  bu.  corn  @  62^.  31st. 
My  hired  man  has  worked  for  me  12  days  @  $1.,  and  I  have 
sold  him  52  lbs.  beef  @  8^,  2  bu.  corn  @  62^,  2  bu.  rye  @  75^. 


SET  III. 
Riverside  Farm. 

The  following  is  a  record  of  the  business  transactions  of 
William  Starr ;  who  buys  a  farm  near  the  village  of  Westboro. 
It  includes  accounts  with  a  grocer,  dry  goods  merchant,  lum- 
ber dealer,  boot  and  shoe  merchant,  wheelwright,  carpenter, 
blacksmith,  drover,  dealer  in  hardware,  day  laborer,  month 
laborer,  bank,  cash  acct,  notes  given  and  notes  received;  for 
two  years ;  the  accts.  are  balanced,  and  statements  made  at  the 
close  of  each  year,  showing  his  present  worth ;  and  profits  for 
the  past  year;  also  his  capital  for  the  next. 

Write  "Riverside  Farm  Cash  Acct."  on  pages  36  and  37  of 
your  blank  book,  and  write  the  four  cash  items.  On  the  next 
two  pages  open  an  account  with  Brown  &  Hill,  then  with 
Stone  &  Hall,  etc. 

Jan.  1,  1902.  With  a  cash  capital  of  $5000.  (8.)  he  buys  "River- 
side  Farm"  for  $3000.  cash  (18.),  and  begins  farming.  Paid  for  bill  of 
furniture  $242.65.  Bought  for  cash  a  bill  of  household  goods  amount- 
ing to  $17.35.  2nd.  Bought  of  Brown  &  Hill  bill  of  groceries,  on  acct. 
$42.67.  3rd.  Bought  carpets  to  the  amt.  of  $58.64  of  Stone  &  Hall  on 
acct.  4th.  Nash  &  Coit  have  sold  him  lumber  to  the  amt.  of  $14.82. 
(12.)  6th.  Deposited  $1000  in  Westboro  Bank  (Bank  Dr.  and  Cash 
Cr.)  (7.)  (27.)  Bought  of  E.  P.  Reeves  1  pr.  thick  boots,  $2.50.  1 
pr.  rubber  boots,  $3.50.  Bought  for  cash  1  stack  of  hay,  $45.  9th. 
Sold  L.  B.  Wright  1  W.  O.  tree,  $2.50,  1  ash  tree,  $1.75  on  acct.    12th. 


54  BOOK-KEEPING PART   FIRST.  , 

William  Ware  has  worked  5  days  @  $2.  Credit  Edwin  Stone  by  shoe- 
ing 1  pr.  horses,  $3.50.  13th.  Bought  of  James  Willis  1  pr.  bay 
horses,  for  $290.  (12.)  Jacob  Smith  has  worked  10  days  @  $1.25. 
Samuel  Jones  has  sold  William  Starr  1  hub  range,  $18.50,  fixtures  for 
range,  $8.  (12.)  14th.  Bought  of  Brown  &  Hill  5  cwt.  meal  at  $1.20. 
Bought  of  Nash  &  Coit  4  bundles  lath  @  250,  %  M.  shingles  @  $4. 
15th.  Bought  of  James  Willis  on  acct.  4  Alderney  cows  @  $60.;  and 
gave  him  a  note  at  six  months  for  $500.  (28.)  (20.)  20th.  Credit 
Jacob  Smith  with  5  days'  work  at  $1.25.  23rd.  Edwin  Stone  has 
ironed  a  heavy  sled,  $1.50,  which  was  bought  this  day  of  L.  B.  Wright 
for  $14.50  on  acct.  29th.  Sold  for  cash  1280  ft.  of  elm  plank  @  20. 
30th.     Paid  cash  for  sundries  per  memorandum,  $41.28. 

Feb.  8th.  Sold  for  cash  4%  cords  oak  wood  at  $6.  Sold  Brown  & 
Hill  2  cords  walnut  wood  @  $6.25.  11th.  Bot.  of  Stone  &  Hall  15 
yds.  cotton  cloth  @  80,  6  yds.  linen  @  550,  4  doz.  buttons  @  120,  1  pr. 
fur  gloves,  $3.12,  and  sold  }.hem  3  cords  ches.  wood  at  $5.  18th.  Sold 
Nash  &  Coit  1864  ft.  ches.  plank  @  1^0.     24th.     Bot.  of  E.  P.  Reeves 

1  pr.  calf  boots,  $4.,  1  pr.  child's  shoes,  $2.,  1  rubber  coat,  $4.50.  Sold 
to  L.  B.  Wright  284  ft.  W.  O.  plank  @  2^0,  460  ft.  ash  plank  @  Zf, 
342  ft.  O.  timber  @  2V20.  Credit  William  Ware  with  3  days  work  at 
$2.,  and  charge  him  2  cords  C.  wood  at  $5.  28th.  Bought  of  Edwin 
Stone  1  sleigh,  $24.  Jacob  Smith  has  worked  8  days  cutting  wood  at 
$1.25.     Bought  of  Samuel  Jones  on  acct.  1  Bay  State  parlor  stove,  $24., 

2  hay  forks  at  900. 

Mar.  8th.  Bought  for  cash  42  hens  @  600.  Bought  of  L.  B.  Wright 
1  team  wagon,  $42.,  1  set  hay  shelvings,  $8.  Sold  Edwin  Stone  1  load 
slabs,  $4.  16th.  Bought  of  James  Willis  6  Alderney  cows  at  $65. 
Gave  Jacob  Smith  an  order  on  Brown  &  Hill  for  $10.  (15.)  Sold 
Nash  &  Coit  80  fence  posts  @  200.  28th.  Received  for  200  telegraph 
poles  @  $3.25,  $650.,  and  $200.  for  100  piles  @  $2.  Jacob  Smith  has 
worked  4  days  @  $1.25. 

Apr.  1st.  Deposited  in  Westboro  Bank,  $400.  (27.)  Sold  Brown 
&  Hill  8%  doz.  eggs  at  360,  24%  lbs.  butter  at  300,  and  bought  1  bbl. 
P.  Minn,  flour,  $6.25.  Sold  Stone  &  Hall  16  lbs.  butter  @  300,  6  doz. 
eggs  @  360.  14th.  Sold  E.  P.  Reeves  1  cord  C.  wood,  $5,  and  a  bill 
of  timber  for  barn  $34.60.  Paid  a  saw  bill  of  $24.50.  18th.  Drew 
stones  for  E.  P.  Reeves  2  days  at  $5.     Paid  a  township  tax  of  $46.00. 


SINGLE   LEDGER.      DOUBLE   PAGE.  55 

30th.     Jacob  Smith  has  worked  12  days  @  $1.50.     Credit  Lyman  Snow 
with  1  month's  work,  $25. 

May  4th.  Bought  for  cash  8  pigs  at  $4.  15th.  Paid  for  80  tons 
marl  @  $1.,  and  received  pay  for  40  fence  posts  at  250.  Bought  of 
Brown  &  Hill  per  bill  groceries  to  the  amt.  of  $16.42.  Bot.  of  Stone 
&  Hall  12  rolls  satin  wall  paper  @  400,  16  yds.  border  @  100.  31st. 
Lyman  Snow  has  worked  1  month,  $25. 

June  8th.  Gave  Lyman  Snow  an  order  on  Nash  &  Coit  for  lumber 
to  the  amt.  of  $15.  (15.)  Worked  6  days  drawing  gravel  for  E.  P. 
Reeves  @  $5.  14th.  E.  P.  Reeves  has  given  his  note  for  $50.  payable 
in  60  days.  (19.)  (29.)  Sold  Samuel  Jones  6  doz.  eggs  @  250,  10 
lbs.  butter  @  300,  and  bought  of  him  1  cultivator,  $6.50,  2  hoes  @  650, 
3  hand  rakes  @  250.  30th.  Lyman  Snow  has  worked  1  month,  $25., 
and  Jacob  Smith  10  days  @  $1.50.  Credit  Samuel  Jones  with  a  bill 
of  phosphate,  $54.65,  and  debit  him  with  note  at  30  days  for  $100.   (28.) 

July  1st.  Gave  Jacob  Smith  a  check  on  Westboro  Bank  for  $50. 
(J.  S.  Dr.)  (27.)  Gave  a  check  on  W.  Bank  to  Charles  Watson  for 
$45.  (32.)  2nd.  Bought  of  Nash  &  Coit  15  M.  shingles  @  $4.50. 
Wm.  Ware  has  worked  10  days  on  barn  at  $2.  15th.  Paid  note  to 
James  Willis,  due  this  day,  by  check  on  Westboro  Bank  for  $500. 
(44.)  Bought  of  James  Willis  40  sheep  at  $3.25.  18th.  Sold  to  Jacob 
Smith  2000  lbs.  hay  at  $16.  per  ton.  Edwin  Stone  has  mended  a 
chain,  250,  and  shod  1  pr.  horses,  $3.50;  and  charge  him  for  drawing 
2  tons  of  coal  @  $1.50.  24th.  Sold  Wm.  Ware  3000  lbs.  hay  at  $16. 
per  ton.  Jacob  Smith  has  worked  20  days  at  $2.00.  Sold  for  cash 
20  doz.  eggs  @  200,  and  50  lbs.  butter  @  250.  Bought  of  Brown  &  Hill 
groceries  to  the  amt.  of  $24.82;  and  sold  them  4000  lbs  hay  at  $16. 
per  ton.  25th.  Sold  for  cash  2  tons  W.  O.  bark  @  $30.  Bought  of 
Stone  &  Hall  dry  goods  per  bill,  $5.60.  30th.  Note  to  Samuel  Jones 
paid  by  check  on  W.  Bank  $50.,  cash  $50.  (44.)  31st.  Lyman  Snow 
has  worked  1  month  $25.;  and  have  given  him  an  order  on  Brown 
&  Hill  for  $12.      (15.) 

Aug.  8th.  Sold  Brown  &  Hill  8  doz.  eggs  @  200,  32  lbs.  butter  @  250. 
Have  drawn  lumber  for  Nash  &  Coit  per  contract,  $40.  13th.  Note  of 
E.  P.  Reeves  paid  in  cash,  $50.  (43.)  24th.  Bought  of  E.  P.  Reeves 
1  pr.  shoes,  $2.,  1  pr.  boots,  $3.     Bought  of  L.  B.  Wright,  1  stone  drag, 


56  BOOK-KEEPING PART    FIRST. 

$5.,  and  he  has  made  a  harrow  frame,  $2.  Sold  20  lambs  for  $40.  cash. 
Edwin  Stone  has  made  16  harrow  teeth  @  100.  31st.  Credit  Lyman 
Snow  with  1  month's  work,  $25. 

Sept.  14th.  Sold  Stone  &  Hall  3  tons  hay  @  $18.,  4  bu.  potatoes  @ 
750,  2  bu.  apples  @  $1.50.  Gave  note  to  James  Willis  for  $390.00 
payable  in  6  mo.  Sold  Lyman  Snow  2  pigs  @  $4.50.  19th.  Bought 
of  Samuel  Jones  1  plow,  $5.25,  1  iron  kettle,  750.  Jacob  Smith  has 
worked  6^  days  @  $1.50,  and  I  have  sold  him  3  pigs  @  $4.50,  64  lbs. 
beef  at  80;  and  have  given  him  an  order  on  Stone  &  Hall  for  $15.50. 
30th.  Credit  Lyman  Snow  with  1  month's  work,  $25.;  and  charge  him 
cash,  $20.,  check  on  W.  Bank,  $50.,  and  my  note  at  4  mo.  for  $44.  to 
balance.     (27.)      (25.) 

Oct.  3rd.  Sold  Edwin  Stone  2  tons  of  hay  @  $18.,  5  bu.  potatoes  @ 
600,  1  bu.  apples,  750,  18  lbs.  butter  @  250;  and  he  has  repaired  my 
wagon,  $2.50,  and  shod  horse,  $1.25.  14th.  Wm.  Ware  has  worked 
1  day,  $2.00,  and  sold  me  1  wheelbarrow,  $2.,  1  corner  cupboard,  $12.50. 
Bought  of  L.  B.  Wright  1  stalk  cart,  $10.  18th.  Bought  of  E.  P. 
Reeves  1  pr.  slippers,  $1.25,  2  boxes  blacking  @  80;  and  sold  him  6  doz. 
eggs  @  200,  14  lbs.  butter  @  250,  2  bu.  turnips  at  250.  Drew  lumber 
for  Nash  &  Coit  4  days  @  $5.;  and  bought  of  them  360  pine  pickets  (a) 
30.  25th.  2  bbls.  of  flour  @  $6.  were  bought  of  Brown  &  Hill;  and 
sold  them  6  doz.  eggs  @  250,  10  bu.  turnips  @  250. 

Nov.  8th.  Credit  Jacob  Smith  with  3  days'  work  @  $1.50;  and 
charge  1  calf,  $6.  Bought  of  James  Willis  1  pr.  steers,  $60.  Sold  to 
Edwin  Stone  5  bu.  turnips  @  250,  3  bbls.  apples  @  $1.50.  13th.  Sold 
L.  B.  Wright  380  ft.  ash  plank  @  30,  340  ft.  timber  @  20.  14th.  Sold 
a  bill  of  timber  to  John  Nichols  amounting  to  $84.60  for  which  he  has 
given  his  note  payable  in  4  mo.  (29.)  (One  entry.)  Sold  Samuel 
Jones  2  bbls.  apples  @  $2.,  2  bbls.  @  $1.50.  30th.  Jacob  Smith  has 
cut  18  cords  of  wood  @  $1.  Sold  Wm.  Ware  5  bbls.  apples  @  $1.50, 
10  bu.  potatoes  @  750. 

Dec.  1st.  Sold  E.  P.  Reeves  10  bu.  potatoes  @  700,  3  bbls.  apples  CD 
$1.50.  4th.  Paid  a  bill  for  seed  wheat,  $15.60.  12th.  Sold  for  cash 
18  bbls.  apples  @  $2.,  100  cabbages  <g>  10c,  2  bu.  onions  @  $2.  19th. 
Gave  James  Willis  a  check  on  W.  Bank  for  $200.  (J.  W.  Dr.)  (27.) 
24th.  Sold  for  cash  120  lbs.  chickens  @  16^0.  31st.  Paid  cash  per 
memorandum,  $176.09. 


SINGLE    LEDGER.       DOUBLE    PAGE.  57 

This  closes  the  business  for  the  year.  Open  an  account 
with  Wm.  Starr  on  pages  64  and  65  and  close  the  ledger.     (30.) 

On  the  Cr.  side  of  Starr's  account  write  the  following  in- 
ventory of  property  on  hand :  Riverside  Farm,  valued  at 
$2500.,  Household  Goods,  $400.,  Farming  Utensils, $125.,  1  pr. 
Horses,  $275.,  9  Cows,  $540.,  40  Sheep,  $140.,  30  Lambs,  $60., 
Hay  and  Grain,  $265.,  40  Hens,  $20.,  Potatoes,  Apples,  etc., 
$55.  You  will  also  get  the  following  Assets  from  the  ledger 
balances :  Cash  in  bank,  $505.,  Cash  on  hand,  $933.43,  E.  P. 
Reeves,  bal.  on  acct.  $23.39,  Edwin  Stone,  bal.  on  acct.  $18.90; 
and  from  record  of  Notes  Receivable,  Note  of  John  Nichols, 
$84.60;  making  total  assets,  $5945.32. 

The  Liabilities  are,  per  ledger  balances,  Brown  &  Hill,  bal. 
on  acct.  $61.74,  Stone  &  Hall,  $12.28,  Nash  &  Coit,  $11.82,  L. 
B.  Wright,  $29.60,  Wm.  Ware,  $3.50,  James  Willis,  $20.,  Jacob 
Smith,  $22.88,  Samuel  Jones,  $10.,  and  from  "Notes  Payable'' 
record,  Note  to  James  Willis,  $390.,  note  to  Lyman  Snow,  $44., 
making  total  liabilities,  $605.82.     (Dr.  side.) 

The  difference  between  the  assets  and  liabilities  is  the  bal- 
ance of  the  account,  which  is  $5339.50,  this  amount  is  the  net 
capital  at  closing,  or  present  worth ;  it  is  also  the  capital  for 
the  next  year. 

On 'the  last  page  of  your  blank  book  find  the  profit,  (31.),  the 
capital  at  beginning  Jan.  1,  1902  was  cash,  $5000,  the  capital 
at  closing,  Dec.  31,  1902,  was  per  Starr's  account  $5339.50,  and 
the  profit  for  the  year,  $339.50.     Write  his  name  at  top  of  page. 

On  detached  papers,  not  in  the  blank  book  make  Statements 
of  the  facts  found  on  page  22  of  the  text  book.  See  form 
page  24. 


58  book-keeping part  first. 

Riverside  Farm. 

William  Starr's  business  transactions  for  the  year  1903  con- 
tinued in  the  same  book,  and  on  the  same  pages  as  the  ac- 
counts of  1902  (23.),  except  the  cash  acct.,  the  balance  of  which 
must  be  carried  to  the  Dr.  side  of  pages  62  and  63,  and  a  new 
cash  acct.  opened;  date  the  balance  Jan.  1,  1903,  also  all  the 
balances  brought  down. 

Jan.  1st.  Paid  cash  for  insurance,  $15.50.  Bot.  of  Brown  &  Hill 
a  bill  of  groceries  on  acct.  $18.64;  and  paid  them  cash  on  acct.  $60. 
18th.  Bought  of  Samuel  Jones  1  stove  (base  burner),  $18.50.  Sold  to 
Jacob  Smith  18%  lbs.  pork  @  80.  24th.  Bought  of  James  Willis  2 
cows  @  $55.  Edwin  Stone  has  repaired  sleigh,  850,  sharpened  horse 
shoes,  $2.,  and  mended  2  log  chains,  500.  Wm.  Ware  has  worked  2 
days  @  $2.     30th.     Paid  note  to  Lyman  Snow  in  cash,  $44.     (44.) 

Feb.  8th.  L.  B.  Wright  has  made  a  tongue  for  sled,  $2.,  and  Edwin 
Stone  has  ironed  the  same,  750.  Bought  of  E.  P.  Reeves  1  pr.  boots, 
$2.50,  1  pr.  rubbers,  750,  1  pr.  child's  shoes,  $2.25.  18th.  Deposited 
in  the  W.  Bank  $500.  (27.)  Bot.  of  Nash  &  Coit  280  ft.  spruce  joists 
@  1%0.  Sold  to  Stone  &  Hall  on  acct.  1  jar  butter  24  lbs.  @  300;  and 
bought  of  them  a  bill  of  dry  goods,  $8.62.  23rd.  Sold  for  cash  480  lbs. 
pork  @  70,  720  lbs.  beef  @  60.  Sold  Brown  &  Hill  80  lbs.  pork  at  70, 
20  lbs.  beef  at  60. 

Mar.  4th.  Gave  Jacob  Smith  an  order  on  Brown  &  Hill,  $6.50,  and 
one  on  Nash  &  Coit  for  $10.00.  (15.)  14.  Paid  in  cash,  note  to  James 
Willis  due  this  day,  $390.  (44.)  Received  cash  for  note  of  John 
Nichols  due  this  day,  $84.60.  (43.)  23rd.  Jacob  Smith  has  worked 
6  days  at  $1.50.  Sold  Edwin  Stone  2  cords  oak  wood  @  $6.,  and  drew 
1  load  of  coal  for  him,  $1.50. 

Apr.  6th.  Drew  4  loads  of  lumber  for  Wm.  Ware  @  $1.00.  Sold  to 
L.  B.  Wright  240  ft.  oak  plank  @  2%0,  342  ft.  ches.  plank  @  1%0,  2  bu. 
potatoes  @  700,  1  bbl.  apples,  $1.50.  8th.  Sold  E.  P.  Reeves  4  doz. 
eggs  @  300,  12  lbs.  butter  @  250,  16  bundles  straw  @  100.     16th.     Sold 


SINGLE    LEDGER.      DOUBLE    PAGE.  59 

Jacob  Smith  1  calf,  $4.50.  Sold  Nash  &  Coit  40  fence  posts  @  200, 
2000  ft.  ches.  plank  @  1%0.  Sold  Stone  &  Hall  12  lbs.  mutton  @  100, 
12  lbs.  butter  @  250,  8  doz.  eggs  @  200.  30th.  Paid  cash  for  40  apple 
trees  @  500,  10  pear  trees  @  $1.,  6  peach  trees  @  250,  2  quince  bushes 
@  750.  Lyman  Snow  has  worked  one  month,  $25.  Sold  to  Lot  Wilson 
on  his  note  at  3  mos.,  1  pr.  steers,  $100.     (29.) 

May  4th.  16  lbs.  asparagus  @  12  %0  were  sold  to  Brown  &  Hill,  also 
16  lbs.  butter  @  250.  Bought  of  Nash  &  Coit  lumber  for  grape  arbor, 
$6.84.  Wm.  Ware  has  worked  4  days  @  $2.,  on  grape  arbor,  and  sold 
him  10  hens  @  650.  15th.  Paid  James  Willis  by  check  on  W.  Bank 
$100.  (27.)  31st.  Gave  check  on  W.  Bank  for  bill  of  phosphate, 
$120.     (32.)     Credit  Lyman  Snow  1  month's  work,  $25. 

June  3rd.  Gave  Lyman  Snow  an  order  on  Nash  &  Coit  for  $25.  (15.) 
Sold  Nash  &  Coit  6  doz.  eggs  @  16^0,  8  lbs.  butter  @  250,  2  bu.  pota- 
toes @  700.  18th.  L.  B.  Wright  has  repaired  1  wagon  wheel,  750,  and 
made  a  cultivator  frame,  $2.25.  30th.  Lyman  Snow  has  worked  one 
month,  $25. 

July  3rd.  Sold  for  cash  8  bu.  pease  @  $1.50,  20  qts.  strawberries  @ 
200.  8th.  Sold  Samuel  Jones  1  bu.  apples,  750,  4  doz.  eggs  @  200,  1  bu. 
turnips,  250.  31st.  Lot  Wilson  has  paid  his  note  due  this  day  $100. 
(43.)  Credit  Lyman  Snow  with  1  month's  work,  $25.;  and  charge  him, 
cash  on  acct.  $15.     (10.)  and  5  lambs  @   $2. 

Aug.  1st.  Deposited  in  Westboro  Bank  $100.  (27.)  Loaned  John 
Pay  well  $300.  on  note  payable  in  one  year  at  5  per  ct.  interest,  and 
gave  him  a  check  on  Westboro  Bank  for  the  amt.  (29.)  (32.)  4th. 
Jacob  Smith  has  worked  the  month  of  July  for  $30.;  and  paid  him 
cash  on  acct.  $20.  18th.  Bought  of  Samuel  Jones  2  shovels  at  750. 
Bought  of  James  Willis  20  sheep  @  $3.00  per  head;  and  gave  him  a 
check  for  $50.  (12.)  (27.)  31st.  Lyman  Snow  has  worked  the 
month  of  Aug.,  $25.;  and  sold  him  10  hens  @  650,  1  heifer,  $30. 

Sept.  1st.  Have  pastured  2  horses  for  Nash  &  Coit  10  weeks  at  500 
per  week  each.  Bought  a  bill  of  groceries  amounting  to  $34.65  of 
Brown  &  Hill.  2nd.  Paid  a  bill  of  fertilizers  amounting  to  $120.  by 
check  on  Westboro  Bank  to  Lippincott  &  Co.  (32.)  8th.  Bought  of 
L.  B.  Wright  1  dump  cart,  $25.,  and  sold  him  16  chickens  at  400,  4  bu. 


60  BOOK-KEEPING PART    FIRST. 

oats  @  400,  2  bu.  corn  @  800.  18th.  Wm.  Ware  has  worked  5  days  @ 
$2.;  and  charge  him  with  1  cord  chest,  wood,  $5.,  1  load  wheat  straw, 
$12.  30th.  Bought  of  Wm.  Ware  1  set  corn  sides,  $6.  Lyman  Snow 
has  worked  1  month,  $25.,  and  I  have  given  him  a  check  on  W.  Bank 
for  $50. 

Oct.  13th.  Bought  of  James  Willis  10  head  young  cattle,  $350.;  and 
gave  him  a  check  on  W.  Bank  for  $75.  and  note  at  3  months  for  $300. 
25th.     Paid  bill  of  sundries  amounting  to  $16.50. 

Nov.  1st.  Sold  for  cash  wool  to  the  amt.  of  $188.64.  Jacob  Smith 
has  worked  6  days  @  $1.50.  8th.  Edwin  Stone  has  shod  1  pr.  horses, 
$3.00.  Wm.  Ware  has  made  1  washing  tank,  $4.,  and  1  clothes  reel, 
$3.80.  22nd.  Edwin  Stone  has  paid  $20.  on  acct.  (11.)  Bought  of 
Brown  &  Hill  bill  of  groceries,  $17.65.  Bought  of  Stone  &  Hall  a  bill 
of  dry  goods,  $11.15.  Sold  to  Nash  &  Coit  1000  ft.  chest,  plank  at  $15. 
per  M.     30th.     Deposited  in  W.  Bank,  $100.     (Bank  Dr.  and  Cash  Cr.) 

Dec.  1st.  Sold  Amos  White  on  note  at  60  days,  6  head  young  cattle 
@  $40.  (29.)  Bought  of  Samuel  Jones  1  grindstone,  $4.,  1  grain 
shovel,  $1.50,  1  feed  kettle,  $2.50;  and  sold  him  28  lbs.  butter  @  250,  6 
bu.  potatoes  @  600.  11th.  Edwin  Stone  has  ironed  1  team  wagon,  $12. 
14th.  Sold  to  William  Ware  24  lbs.  butter  @  250,  1  bbl  apples,  $2., 
8  doz.  eggs  @  350,  4  bu.  potatoes  @  600,  1  bu.  onions,  $1.50,  2  bu. 
turnips  @  300.  Bought  of  E.  P.  Reeves  1  doz.  shoe  boxes,  $1.20,  and 
he  has  given  me  an  order  on  Nash  &  Coit  for  $22.49  for  the  bal.  of  his 
acct.  (50.)  20th.  Bot.  of  Nash  &  Coit  200  ft.  pine  boards  @  50,  120 
ft.  matched  boards  @  40.  Bought  of  Stone  &  Hall  10  yds.  oil  cloth 
<g>  350,  4  window  curtains  @  500,  1  pr.  blankets,  $8.;  and  sold  them 
32  lbs.  butter  @  250,  12  lbs.  chickens  @  15c.  27th.  Bought  of  Brown 
&  Hill  groceries  per  bill,  $12.16;  and  sold  them  30  lbs.  chickens  @  150. 
28th.  Paid  cash  for  marl  drawn  to  date,  $75.47.  29th.  Sold  for  cash 
20  lambs  and  4  calves,  $100.  30th.  Bought  of  John  Pancoast  10  acres 
of  land  @  $30.,  paid  by  check  on  W.  Bank.  (32.)  31st.  Have  paid 
cash  for  articles  per  mem.,  $125.  Received  cash  for  pork,  $59.64,  and 
for  beef,  $40.36.     (17.) 

This  closes  the  record  for  the  year,  open  an  account  with 
Wm.  Starr,  on  pages  66  and  6j,  and  close  the  ledger.     (30.) 


SINGLE    LEDGER.      DOUBLE    PAGE.  6l 

The  following  is  the  inventory  of  the  property  on  hand : 
Riverside  Farm  valued  at  $3000.,  Farming  Utensils,  $150., 
Household  Goods,  $400.,  12  Cows  @  $65.,  1  pr.  Horses,  $275., 
65  Sheep,  $195.,  28  Lambs,  $56.,  6  Young  Cattle,  $225.,  80 
Hens,  $48.,  Hay  and  Grain,  $300.,  Potatoes,  etc.,  $65.  The 
other  assets  are :  Cash  in  Bank,  $90. ;  Cash  on  hand,  $125. ; 
Note  of  John  Paywell  with  interest,  $306.25 ;  Note  of  Amos 
White,  $240.;  Balance  due  from  Nash  &  Coit,  $17.23,  and 
Wm.  Ware,  $3.50.  The  liabilities  are:  Balance  due  Brown 
&  Hill,  $74.04;  Stone  &  Hall,  $22.75;  L.  B.  Wright,  $35-97j 
Edwin  Stone,  $6.70;  James  Willis,  $15.;  Jacob  Smith,  $28.40; 
Samuel  Jones,  $25.60;  Lyman  Snow,  $13.50;  Note  to  James 
Willis,  $300.  The  capital  at  closing  is  $5754.02.  Find  the 
profit  on  the  last  page  of  the  blank  book.  The  profit  is 
$414.52.     (31.) 

On  detached  paper  write  the  statement  of  the  above  like 
form  on  page  24. 


This  completes  Part  First,  and  Blank  Book  No.  1.  The 
double  pages  are  used  when  the  accounts  contain  nearly  an 
equal  number  of  debit  and  credit  entries ;  but  for  accounts 
where  entries  are  nearly  all  on  one  side,  the  Single  Page,  as 
used  in  Part  Second,  and  Blank  Book  No.  2,  is  better. 

Both  can  be  used  in  one  business,  as  a  retail  grocer,  would 
keep  an  account  with  a  farmer  by  the  double  page  plan,  and 
with  a  city  customer  by  the  single  page  plan. 


PART  SECOND 


(63) 


PART    SECOND. 

Letter 8  and  Business  Papers. 
Blank  Book  No.  2. 


Social  letters,  write  them  in  good  form.  There  is  a  place 
for  the  heading,  the  salutation,  the  subscription,  the  signa- 
ture, and  the  address,  if  one  is  out  of  place,  we  see  it  at  a 
glance. 

Write  what  will  interest  your  correspondent,  not  yourself. 
Make  your  letters  worth  reading,  many  are  not.  Express 
your  thoughts  in  the  best  language  that  you  are  capable  of 
using,  practice  will  help  you  in  this.  When  you  begin  a  sub- 
ject, finish  it,  and  then  begin  a  new  subject  with  a  new  para- 
graph. Punctuate  properly,  business  men  may  slight  it,  you 
must  not.  Spell  correctly,  it  is  almost  a  sin  not  to.  Write 
plainly,  it  is  an  insult  to  your  friend,  not  to  do  it. 

Business  letters;  nearly  all  of  the  above  applies  to  them 
also.  The  address  is  written  at  the  top.  The  salutation  is 
more  formal.  They  should  be  brief  and  to  the  point.  Make 
your  meaning  plain.  Enclose  a  stamp  when  you  ask  a  favor 
and  expect  a  reply.     Answer  business  letters,  immediately. 

Page  your  blank  book  (5)  and  copy  the  six  following  let- 
ters, then  write  nine  (one  page)  letters,  use  your  P.  O.  ad- 
dress, and  sign  your  own  name 

(65) 


66  BOOK-KEEPING PART    SECOND. 

CMy   deal  Q?Zl.    OnMtwnd,.' 

C^t2&'W>    me,  &$ 

c-p    i&ri'tsOri    Ae  td>  tz>  memvel.         &$l£  CjMi. 


^W,    Cy  £cz<Se  £Ae  /i-aeify  £&  ec-m-mend 


LETTERS    AND    BUSINESS    PAPERS.  67 

A^Jeml  Gfci: — o4^-  leAcy-  fa 


dt&W  w-€>  die  de>ndt<'n<€Z>  <y,o€t,  totzciit>  ■v>ty  Of. 


e>  t&ie  <mt<t€>ri   As^ecZsded  fa  &/ie>'n>  t&n, 


ezccotm 


£      W-i>£A>      14>0>£4>,       €&*l€&      footd-^     14  Hit, 


C/t^^ufal  (r   GmLcAoultM,. 


68  BOOK-KEEPING PART    SECOND. 


Omedd>id>.   ofcevettd  ft  sVc-.^ 


&9tuCewt4tt> ; — [y/e  tzle  tn 


uttf.,    tZ'tttd  riczve  tauLc-  ieeetved  £rie  4-611™= 

jfo-l    o-wi     A-led-ent    d>tz€ed>,    w-e>    wiitdc    cie= 
&id>C   -Ao-rie-   Co  do-  do-  i-n  £Ae  ?-te€Z-l  jftttu-ie. 

yVAcz-^-c^/el  ft'  &o>. 


LETTERS   AND    BUSINESS    PAPERS.  69 


m  c^od  iftcZ'U&'l  &f  $7'&*  &0.      \/fe  tale  v-ely 
ttitze>ril'C'if    'i&€Z{4,ed'£  £/tcit-    tyc<t4>    t^i-v-e    ctie 


JO  BOOK-KEEPING PART    SECOND. 


^ze^t    (2/.    S2&czlit<d> 


&V"C£t2,eJ 


LETTERS   AND    BUSINESS    PAPERS.  Jl 

CMeddid.    C2fonttrt>  (P  X2$tz>iitd>. 


S2*/o/im€?<    ^Ae    €&e€& 


<czi^    wisCi,    wats    m= 


J2  BOOK-KEEPING PART    SECOND. 

Answer  this  advertisement,  on  page  7,  stating  qualifica- 
tions, etc. 

Wanted — Boy  14  to  16  years  of  age  to  work  in  retail  grocery;  must 
be  honest,  intelligent,  and  not  afraid  of  work.  Address  in  hand- 
writing of  applicant,  giving  references,  and  stating  salary  expected. 

GROCER,  care  Times  Office. 

Los  Angeles,  Oct.  4,  19 — . 


On  page  8,  write  a  letter  to  Prof.  Harr  Wagner,  723  Mar- 
ket St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  enclosing  $1.50  for  one  year's 
subscription  for  "Western  Journal  of  Education." 
Dear  Sir: — Enclosed  please  find,  etc. 


On  9th  page  one  to  Messrs.  Harper  and  Brothers,  Franklin 
Square,  New  York  City,  enclosing  draft  on  Manhattan  Bank 
for  $54.82  to  pay  a  bill  of  books  which  you  are  supposed  to 
have  bought  of  them. 


Page  10.  Write  a  letter  introducing  some  friend,  who  is 
going  to  Chicago  to  look  for  a  situation  in  £\e  mercantile 
business,  to  J.  P.  Gates  &  Co.,  84  Lake  St.  Mention  some 
of  his  good  qualities,  character,  habits,  ability,  education, 
industry,  intelligence,  ambition,  etc. 

Gentlemen: — Allow  me  to  introduce  my  friend who 

visits  your  city  to — 


Page  11.  Aug.  31.  Your  account  for  the  month  of  June 
amounting  to  $27.82  as  per  bill  rendered,  is  now  long  over- 
due. We  would  like  to  have  you  remit  immediately,  or  at 
least  enlighten  us  as  to  the  cause  of  this  long  delay. 

Written  by  William  Rush  to  John  Slow. 

Put  it  in  letter  form,  supply  locations. 


LETTERS   AND    BUSINESS    PAPERS.  73 

Write  a  letter  to  some  friend  naming  state,  city,  street  and 
number,  inviting  him  or  her  to  spend  one  week  of  his  or  her 
next  vacation  with  you  at  your  home,  outlining  plan  of 
amusements,  &c.     (On  page  12.) 


Write  Ketchem  and  Cheatem  of  the  Overcharge  House,  re- 
fusing to  pay  for  some  article,  which  was  not  as  they  repre- 
sented, and  was  billed  at  a  higher  price  than  that  stated  by 
them,  and  that  you  have  returned  it  by  express.  (Page  13.) 
Supply  what  is  needed. 


William  Howard,  of  482  Market  St.,  Albany,  N.  Y.,  on 
Apr.  1st,  1903,  writes  a  letter  to  Colton  &  Hyde,  38  Tremont 
St.,  Boston,  ordering  eight  pieces  of  furniture,  which  you 
will  name,  giving  the  catalogue  number  (without  price),  to  be 
sent  via  Boston  &  Albany  R.  R.     (Page  14.) 


Write  a  letter,  to  Jones'  Book  Store,  226  W.  First  St.,  Los 
Angeles,  Cal.,  ordering  ten  books,  which  you  will  name,  to  be 
forwarded  by  express  to  you.  (Dear  Sir — Please  send  me 
by  express,    '.  O.  D.,  &c.)     (Page  15.) 


On  pages  16  and  17,  draw  the  outlines  of  two  envelopes  2^4 
in.  by  5  in.,  stamp  V4.  by  1  inch,  on  each  page,  with  a  space  of 
about  one  inch  between  them,  and  direct  them  with  the 
addresses  of  the  letters  on  pages  1,  2,  14  and  your  own. 
Draw  the  lines  with  black  ink. 


BUSINESS  PAPERS. 

Copy  the  following  five  pages,  on  five  pages  of  your  blank 
book.  Leave  two  spaces  and  draw  a  red  line  between  each. 
Read  (33),  (34),  etc.  These  forms  should  be  learned  and 
remembered. 


64 
lOO 


74  BOOK-KEEPING PART    SECOND. 

Receipt  in  part  payment. 

<y&ececvea  c/  ^Mt.      JJ  a/am   Crcc//,     /utcn/u  ./tve-^ 

aeaalA,  on  account. 

J;amed    Benton . 

Heceipt  in  full  (41  d.) 

cece/vtot  o/  t^ni.     fflaitci     woefi.     eta  ween    mri  etc/ 


100 

/au,     in    /a//  c/  au    aemanaa     /o    aate. 

J?cnizi      )t'e/inacn 


Order  for  Mdse. 
$/tr.W.  &     jMrn*.      Wt.,    fane    /,    /f. 


t.     T/,ecige     tScu<e//: 


T 

we  cte/ivet  to    t-S&au  <_7niim  tnaae.   Jo  //e  am/,    e/ 
/en    ao//aU,   ana    c/iatae    /o    me    acct.     c/ 

v/at/t    r_s/u//et. 


LETTERS   AND    BUSINESS    PAPERS.  75 


Demand  Note,    (33.)  (41.) 

*j?fct  vauee  iecet'vea,  <Jr  Atomize  Jo  /iau  C/amae/ \jg0out _ 
/ana,  one  nanatea  ana  twenty  -/out  1(JO  ao/taU,  on  aemana, 
€Oi'm   JnJeiedJ  at  dice  4ei  cent. 


amed     //  afface 


Time  Note.    (34.) 
0J/S.JJ.  j¥L  <gast/e,    ®£eA,  U&f.  /,    /f- 

C/i'cvJis,  aat/4    a/Jet   otaJe,    /ot    va/ae    teceJvea,    <_/  fit 
Jo    /vati      'conn      y.      y  la  nam,    ot    oiaet,     Jmee^  /lundtea    ana 


itotntdt 


wnJu - /Jve  ioo  dof/atd , 


tttte     /z  tfuama 


?6  BOOK-KEEPING — PART   SECOND. 

Note  to  be  discounted  at  bank.    (35.) 

<Jn€t/u  aaua  a/fei  aafe,  4oi  vaate  ieceivea,  tjr  /tlomi'ae 
&  Aau  to  me  ciaet  cf  ffli/6'atn  <y.  ~l)au,  mtee  Aattaiea 
acuata,    at  ^/fton^ciai't  <yva6'cna/     <&)ann. 

<¥/e/tfi€n    £$.   ^Mcue,     fti. 


Joint,  time  note.    (36.) 

tffffa.W.  S&nta  J&ta,  ffirf.,  J&6   /,    /f . 

tStx;  mcnmd    a/eei   aafe,  /ot    va/ae    ieceivea,    tee  fcinfcu 
ana    devetalCu    fttctnide    fo    /tau    xg&eniu     w.     <y7(€/ic{d,    five 

nanatea  ana  dt<z/u -foal   ao/lalA,  <u/tm   intfeiett  a/  o    Aet   cent. 

<J/atnaet    <yaanaeU. 
Jfanied     fflceawala. 


LETTERS   AND    BUSINESS    PAPERS.  JJ 

Due  Bill.    (45.) 

{20.  9Hed/and*,  9)€i/.,  @t£  /,  S9 

z^yue  Jp.    <s.    cra/ei,   fwenfu  dot/an  /iauav/e  in 
mate,    at  cut*  iiwe. 


Bank  Check.    (46.) 


No.    126.  9Ltiam/*,%i/.,  fan.  /,  /9 ,. 

THE  FIRST  NATIONAL  BANK 

OF  REDLANDS. 

Pay  to    vAar/e*  Sd.  MAiJe  or  order 


U/ne   nundred  and  tweniii 


.DOLLARS. 


amei    perome 


yS  BOOK-KEEPING PART    SECOND. 

Sight  Draft.    (47.) 
{80.  So*  Sdnpe/e*,  ^a/.,  S^r.   /,  /9 

S&t  4iant,  /iau  C/Ca//  zP  /snite  or  ort/er,  eiantu 
dc/tari,   va/ue  received,   tint/  cnarae  to  tne  account  oz 


^Jo  ^ZCenru  ^.    xo/ard, 

C/an  ^franciico,  v5a/. 


are ti  /ttteon 


Time  Draft.    (48.)  (41  e.) 
f//6. 85.  So*  Sdnye/e*,  ^a/.,  @ct.  /,  </9- 


*Jen  day*  after  want,  /iau  to  me  order-    cJ 

v5iuzent   ^Avann,    one  nundred  ana   sixteen  -j^do/mr*, 

<va/ue  received,   and  cnarae  to  tne  account  ot 

^/taro/d  Mare. 
^Jo  bfmim,  ^tarri*  &  wo., 

(yon/ana,    (Da/. 


letters  and  business  papers.  79 

Receipts. 

Write  three  receipts  on  each  page.  Supply  names,  date, 
amt.,  &c,  if  they  are  not  given.  Consult  the  printed  forms. 
3  pages. 

Henry  A.  Johnson,  of  Rialto,  Cal.,  receives,  Mar.  3,  19 — , 
of  Arthur  A.  Smith,  $25.42,  on  acct. 

Robert  Jenkins  pays  Stone  &  Hall,  of  Jersey  City,  N.  J., 
$48.64  to  balance  his  acct.  to  date,  July  1,  19 — . 

George  Stone  pays,  July  1,  19 — ,  to  Isaac  Morgan,  for  rent 
of  house  one  month,  $25. 

Write  a  receipt  for  cash  reed,  on  account ;  for  cash  reed,  for 
labor ;  for  cash  reed,  to  bal.  an  acct. ;  for  rent  of  a  house ;  for 
part  payment  of  a  note ;  for  cash  received  for  one  month's 
salary. 


Orders. 

Write  three  on  each  page  of  blank  book. 

Charles  Miller,  of  St.  Albans,  Vt.,  gives  an  order  to  Ray 
Smith,  on  Geo.  Powell,  for  1  bbl.  flour,  Mar.  4,  19 — . 

July  8,  19 — .  Stone  &  Hall  receive  an  order,  from  Henry 
Jacobs  to  William  Brown,  for  $10.  in  groceries.  Hartford,  Ct. 

An  order  from  Levi  Long,  to  Hugh  West,  on  Hiram  Smith, 
for  cash  $10.     Anaheim,  Calif.,  Oct.  4,  19 — . 

March  14,  19 — .  John  Poorpay,  of  Glassboro,  N.  J.,  gives 
an  order  on  the  Whiting  Glass  Co.,  to  Stone  &  Hall,  for  $20. 
payable  Apr.  1st. 

Write  the  order  that  the  farmer  (using  some  name)  gave  to 
Jacob  Smith,  on  H.  M.  White,  Jan.  26th.     Set  I. 

Also  the  order  that  William  Wrebster  gave  to  Jacob  Smith 
on  the  farmer.  Apr.  2,  1903.    Set  I.    (Supply  name.)    2  pages. 


80  book-keeping part  second. 

Notes,  Etc. 

Write  the  following  notes  in  proper  form ;  two  on  each 
page.     Consult  the  forms  given.     5  pages. 

Samuel  Scott,  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  owes  John  Stewart, 
$125.42,  for  which  he  has  given  his  note  July  1,  19 — ,  payable 
on  demand,  with  interest  at  six  per  cent. 

William  Wilder,  of  Bethlehem,  N.  H.,  has  given  his  note, 
payable  in  sixty  days  to  James  Kidder,  for  $135.84,  dated 
June  16,  19 — ,  without  interest. 

Harvey  Brown,  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  wishing  to  borrow  money 
from  the  Second  National  Bank,  writes  a  note  for  $500.,  gets 
Samuel  Trusty  to  indorse  it,  and  presents  it  July  18,  19 — , 
time  thirty  days. 

The  Montclair  National  Bank  of  Montclair  has  loaned 
$150.  to  Robert  Felson,  on  a  note  indorsed  by  James  Pay  well, 
June  8th,  19 — ,  payable  in  sixty  days. 

Lewis  Clark  and  Hiram  Day  have  this  day  promised  John 
Wheeler,  to  pay  him  $500.  in  one  year,  with  interest  at  five 
per  cent. ;  at  Westfield,  Mass. 

Write  a  note  in  which  you  promise  to  pay  to  the  order  of 
some  one,  a  certain  amount  of  money  in  sixty  days,  with  in- 
terest at  ten  per  cent. 

Write  a  due  bill  payable  in  groceries ;  another  payable  in 
cash;  also  a  bank  check,  all  on  one  page. 

Write  a  sight  draft ;  also  a  time  draft.  Across  the  face  of 
the  last  write  "Accepted,"  a  date  a  day  or  two  after  the  date 
of  the  draft,  and  the  name  of  the  party  on  whom  it  is  drawn. 
The  three  lines  in  red  ink. 


LETTERS   AND    BUSINESS    PAPERS. 


81 


Bills. 
On  the  first  page  of  your  blank  book  containing  money 
columns,  page  33,  copy  the  first  bill,  John  Smith's ;  on  the 
next  page,  copy  the  next  two ;  then  write  the  others,  two  on 
each  page  of  blank  book.     8  pages. 


Mr.  John  Smith, 


Bill  of  Goods  Bought. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal,  May  19,  1903. 


Bot.  of  Warren  &  Wood. 


1903. 
Apr. 

4 
16 

2  Tea  Sets  @  $20. 

3  Ice  Pitchers  @  $7. 

3  Cake  Plates  @  $2. 

4  Berry  Dishes  @  $3 . 

2  Spoon  Holders  @  $2. 

3  Card  Receivers  @  $1. 

yz  doz.  Fruit  Knives  @  $2. 

40 

21 

6 
12 
4 
3 
1 

67 
20 

11 

21 
24 

30 

1  Tilting  Ice  Pitcher 

2  Vases  @  $2. 

3  Butter  Dishes  @  $2. 

1  Pickle  Dish 

4  doz.  Table  Knives  @  $3. 

2  "     Nut  Picks  @  $1.50 

4 
6 
2 
12 
3 

15 
10 

75 

5  Cups  @  $1. 

5 

22 
$134 

75 

Received  Payment, 

Warr 

EN   & 

Wo< 

3D. 

82 


BOOK-KEEPING PART   SECOND. 


Bill  for  Salary, 


Brattleboro,  Vt.,  Jan.  14th,  1903. 


Mr.  Henry  Stone, 


To  James  Dixon, 

Dr. 

1903. 

Jan. 

1 

To  1  month's  salary 
Cr. 

$75 

Jan. 

6 

By  cash 

Balance  due 

50 
$25 

Bill  for  Labor. 

Winona,  N.  /.,  July  14,  1903. 


Mr.  James  Williams, 


To  John  Holt,  Dr. 


1903. 

June 


July 


To  4  days'  work  @  $2. 
.1   3     .«         ,.       .»     .. 

Cr. 
By  1  bbl.  Flour 
'«  15  lbs.  Sugar 

Received  Payment, 


$8 

00 

6 

00 

$14 

6 

25 

1 

00 

7 
$6 

00 


John  Holt. 


LETTERS    AND    BUSINESS    PAPERS.  83 

Make  out  bills  for  the  following  transactions,  and  receipt 
them. 

June  1,  19 — .  Henry  E.  Black  bought  of  George  Thomp- 
son, of  Boston,  10  lbs.  Java  coffee  @  25^,  2  lbs.  Y.  H.  tea  @ 
75^,  40  lbs.  C.  sugar  @  6^^,  10  gals,  molasses  @  60^. 

July  1,  19 — .  Taylor  &  Farley,  of  Worcester,  sold  to  C.  A. 
White,  1  cabinet  organ  for  $150.00;  he  paid  cash,  $100.00 
July  1,  and  the  balance  Aug.  1.  Receipted  by  Smith,  book- 
keeper. 

James  Long,  of  Deerfield,  N.  J.,  has  sold  to  J.  D.  Smith,  2 
tons  of  hay  at  $16.,  1  ton  wheat  straw,  $8.00;  and  has  bought 
of  him  1  sleigh  for  $35.,  and  received  the  balance  in  cash,  Jan. 

4,  19—. 

July  31,  19 — .     William  Nichols  has  worked  one  month,  for 

Hall  &  White,  at  Windsor,  Conn.,  for  $75. 

July  1,  ig — .  Samuel  Palmer  has  worked  3  months  for 
William  Turner  at  $50.  He  received  May  2nd  an  order  on  E. 
L.  Wait  for  $25.,  June  10th,  cash  $100.  and  the  balance  July  1. 
Deerfield,  N.  J.     Receipt  it  yourself  for  Samuel  Palmer. 

Apr.  1,  19 — .  Charles  Miller  is  indebted  to  James  Holt  for 
I  quarter's  tuition,  $8.,  books,  $3.,  stationery,  $1.50,  at  Dare- 
town,  Penn. 

Write  a  bill  of  a  piano  and  guitar ;  4  articles  bought  of  a  dry 
goods  merchant ;  14  bought  at  a  book  store.  Receipt  the  last 
which  will  require  one  page.  Make  out  a  bill  of  Jacob  Wolf- 
son's  account,  which  is  on  the  next  page  of  this  book.  Write 
all  the  debtor  items  first,  then  the  credits.  See  the  third  bill 
for  form. 


84 


BOOK-KEEPING PART    SECOND. 

Single  Ledger*     Single  Page. 
Blank  Book  No.  2. 


EXAMPLE  X. 

'    A  grocer's  account  with  Jacob  Wolfson,  tailor ;  to  be  copied 
on  page  41.     (38.) 

Jacob  Wolfson.  Dr.  Cr. 


19—. 
Mar. 

1 

To  1  bbl.  Pat.  Minn.  Flour 
"    1    "     St.  Louis 

5 

4 

65 
75 

a 

6 

"    15)4  lbs.  Gran.  Sugar 
"16       44     C. 

1 
1 

00 
00 

u 

13 

By  1  Business  Suit 

20 

00 

" 

16 

To  10  lbs.  Prunes  @  60 

60 

« 

19 

"   5  gals.  Molasses  @  600 
M    2  lbs.  Tea  @  600 
"    1  lb.  0.  G.  Coffee 

3 

1 

00 

20 
25 

<< 

22 

By  1  Dress  ('oat 

18 

ti 

25 

To  5  lbs.  Butter  @  250 
"    10  "   Lard  @  80 

1 

25 
80 

27 

44    22  bars  Welcome  Soap 
•'    12  lbs.  M.  Biscuit 

1 
1 

00 
00 

11 

29 

44    6  qts.  W.  Beans  @  60 

36 

•t 

30 

By  1  Boy's  Suit 

8 

50 

44 

31 

To  Cash  to  balance 

24 

64 
50 

46 

46 

50 

SINGLE    LEDGER.      SINGLE    PAGE. 

SET    IV. 

Cone  &  White 

Jan.  I, 

,  19—. 

Resources. 

Real  Estate,  State  St.,    - 

$5000. 

Mdse.  per  inventory, 

4560. 

Citizens  Bank,        - 

440.30 

Cash  on  hand,           - 

45.20 

Note  of  James  Johnson, 

85.60 

John    Fields,    bal.    due, 

62.30 

William  Cook,     " 

2445 

Charles  Allyn,     "        "       - 

32.65 

Martin  Wilson,    "       " 

18.45 

$10268.95 

Liabilities. 

Henry  Bowers,  bal.  due, 

$  20.95 

Note  to  Jones  &  Cook,     - 

125.00 

145.95 

8S 


Net  Capital,         -  $10123.00 

Copy  the  above  on  page  42,  and  open  an  account  with 
Citizens  Bank  on  page  43,.  see  (49),  the  Cash  Acct.  next  (38), 
then  John  Fields',  and  the  four  following  accounts.  Each 
account  will  require  one  single  page.     Read  (49.) 

Jan.  1.  Paid  J.  L.  Lathrop  &  Son  for  insurance,  by  check  on 
Citizens  Bank,  $80.  (32.)  Paid  cash  for  one  single  ledger  $5.  Paid 
for  advertising  $25.  Sold  John  Fields,  on  acct.  8,  10  lb,  pkgs.  F.  tea, 
80  lbs.  @  $1.  per  lb.,  2  mats  O.  G  Java  coffee,  120  lbs.  @  300,  1  bale 
A.  M.  coffee,  160  lbs.  @  250,  1  sack  C.  R.  coffee,  150  lbs.  @  180.  Sold 
Charles  Allyn,  10  doz.  Baker's  cocoa  @  $5.,  2  pkgs.  48  lbs.  M.  choco- 
late @  50^,  24  Rex  ext.  of  beef  @  250.  2nd.  William  Cook  has 
bought  on  acct.  10  doz.  Cal.  fruit  syrups  @  $2.50,  5  doz.  S.  lime  juice 
@  $4.,  50  lbs.  b.  pepper  @  200,  10  lbs  Cayenne  pepper  @  400,  5  lbs.  J. 
ginger  @  350.  Henry  Bowers  has  bought  10  lbs.  C.  mustard  @  250, 
1  sack  rock  salt,  750,  50,  5  lb.  bags,  T.  salt,  each  12^0,  1  doz.  C. 
baking  powder,  $5.25.  Charge  to  Martin  Wilson,  3  doz  W.  sauce  @ 
$3.25,  2  doz.  c.  sauce  @  $3.75,  4  doz.  t.  catsup  @  $3.25,  2  doz.  mix. 
pickles  @  $4.,  1  doz.  chow  chow,  $4.,  5  gals,  vinegar  @  650.  3rd. 
Charge   to    John    Fields    10   gals.    Cal.    olives    @    800,    1    doz.    canned 


86  BOOK-KEEPING PART   SECOND. 

turkey,  $5.75,  2  doz.  cooked  ham,  $4.,  4  doz.  dev.  ham  @  $1.65.  4th. 
Debit  Henry  Bowers,  1  doz.  F.  bouillon,  $4.,  1  doz.  mock  turtle,  $4., 
1  doz.  terrapin,  $8.50,  2y2  doz.  beef  @  $4.  5th.  Debit  William  Cook, 
4  doz.  sardines  @  $5.,  2  doz.  anchovies,  $8.,  1  case  B.  P.  oysters,  $5.60, 
60  lbs.  cod-fish  @  100.  6th.  Sold  to  Martin  Wilson,  10  lbs.  mackerel 
@  90,  100  lbs.  gran,  sugar  @  60,  40  lbs.  pow.  sugar  @  80.  Rec'd.  for 
cash  sales  this  week,  $342.65.  Deposited  in  Citizens  Bank,  $300.  (27.) 
8th.  Paid  Joseph  Ray  by  check  on  Citizens  Bank,  $250.,  for  a  horse 
and  dray.  (32.)  9th.  Sold  Charles  Allyn,  100  lbs.  ex.  c.  sugar  @  40, 
24  lbs.  maple  sugar  @  12^0.  10th.  Sold  John  Fields,  1  doz.  qt.  cans 
m.  syrup,  $4.50,  10  gals,  sugar  syrup  @  500.  11th.  William  Cook  is 
debtor  for  30  lbs.  soda  crackers  @  60,  15  lbs.  honeycakes  at  140, 
bought  to-day.  12th.  Charles  Allyn  has  bought  on  acct.  30  lbs. 
pilot  bread  @  50,  15  lbs.  pretzels  @  100.  13th.  Received  for  cash 
sales  this  week,  $212.75.  15th.  Paid  Norton  &  Converse  for  bill  of 
mdse.  bought  this  day,  by  check  on  Citizens  Bank,  $200.  (32.),  and 
cash,  $152.35.  (18.)  16th.  Sold  John  Fields  20  lbs.  c.  c.  butter  @ 
320,  1  case,  30  doz.  eggs  @  12 %0.  17th.  Sold  William  Cook  5  lbs. 
Roquefort  cheese  @  500.  18th.  Charles  Allyn,  Dr.,  40  lbs.  Rex. 
ham  @  140.  20th.  Sold  Martin  Wilson,  5  bbls.  W.  R.  flour  @  $5., 
10  sacks  crown  flour  @  $1.  Reed,  for  cash  sales,  $306.40.  Deposited 
in  bank,  $300.  (27.)  22nd.  Sold  Henry  Bowers,  50  lbs.  graham 
flour,  $1.,  20  pkgs.  germea  @  20c,  24  pkgs.  quaker  oats  @  12%0.  23rd. 
Sold  Martin  Wilson,  100  lbs.  Car.  rice  @  8%0.  24th.  Charles  Allyn. 
has  bought  of  Cone  &  White,  4  boxes  Cal.  macaroni  @  600,  3  boxes 
vermicelli  @  600,  2  boxes  spaghetti  @  600.  25th.  William  Cook 
buys  24  lbs.  Shepp's  cocoanut,  $8.00,  1  doz.  Mellin's  food,  $6.75.  26th. 
John  Fields,  debtor,  to  1  case  canned  peaches,  $3.50,  1  case  canned 
plums,  $2.80,  1  case  canned  apricots,  $3.30.  27th.  Sold  Henry 
Bowers,  1  case  canned  asparagus,  $5.00,  1  case  canned  celery,  $4.50,  1 
case  canned  corn,  $3.00.  Reed,  for  cash  sales,  $241.55.  Deposited 
in  Citizens  Bank,  $500.  29th.  Paid  a  sight  draft  of  Norton  and 
Converse,  by  check  on  Citizens  Bank  for  bill  of  mdse.  shipped  to- 
day amounting  to  $384.35.  (32.)  Charles  Allyn  has  paid  $100  on 
acct.  (11.)  Martin  Wilson  buys  on  acct.,  5  boxes,  125  lbs.  raisins  @ 
50,  60  lbs.  almonds  @  120,  and  pays  $75.  on  his  account.  30th. 
Sold  Charles  Allyn,  2  doz.  Col.  f.  soap,  $7.50,  7  bars  castile  soap  @ 
500.  31st.  Paid  note  to  Jones  &  Cook  in  cash,  $125.  (17.)  Sold 
Henry   Bowers,    2    doz.    H.    J.    brooms    @    $2.75.     Bought    of    Charles 


SINGLE    LEDGER.       SINGLE    PAGE.  87 

Allyn,  one  building  lot,  for  which  we  are  to  pay  mdse.  as  ordered, 
$300,  (C.  A.,  Cr.)  William  Cook  has  paid  his  account  in  cash,  $145.95. 
John  Fields  has  given  his  note  at  30  days  to  balance  his  account, 
$298.90.  (19.)  Received  for  cash  sales,  $116.20.  Paid  note  of  James 
Johnson,  by  check  on  Citizens   Bank,  $85.60. 

This  finishes  the  business  for  the  month  of  January;  we 
will  close  the  set,  as  if  it  were  Dec.  31,  and  the  business  had 
been  conducted  one  year  instead  of  one  month.  Balance  all 
the  accounts  in  the  set.  Take  an  inventory  of  all  property  in 
the  business,  and  make  a  Statement  on  page  50,  in  the  same 
form  as  that  on  page  24  of  text  book. 

The  resources  are  Real  Estate,  State  St.,  valued  at  $5100. 
Mdse.  per  inventory  Jan.  31,  $3838.75.  Cash  on  deposit  in 
Citizens  Bank  $540.35.  Cash  on  hand  $178.35.  Balances 
due  from  Martin  Wilson  and  Henry  Bowers.  Horse  and 
Dray  $250.  Real  Estate,  Elm  St.,  $300.  Note  of  John  Fields 
$298.90.  Amount  of  resources  or  assets  $10608.65.  The 
liability  is  a  balance  of  $255.35  due  Charles  Allyn.  The 
Present  Worth  or  Net  Capital  at  closing  is  $10353.30,  and 
the  Profit  is  $230.30. 


SET  V. 

Smith  &  Harris. 

William  Smith  and  James  Harris  purchase  the  stock  and 
good  will  of  the  retail  grocery  store,  No.  84  Market  St.,  and 
take  possession  July  1,  19 — ,  with  the  following  assets: 

Cash  in  Merchants  Bank,         -  $1900 

"      "    Safe,       -         -         -•       -         -         -         100 

Merchandise,  per  inventory,     -  3000 


Net  Capital,         -  $5000 

Copy  the  above  eight  lines  on  page  51,  then  open  an  ac- 
count with  Merchants  Bank  page  52.  (38.)  (2y.),  and  a  cash 
acct.  page  53 ;  the  cash  on  hand  is  the  money  in  the  safe ;  we 
will  suppose  that  a  record  of  all  cash  sales  is  made  during  the 


88  BOOK-KEEPING PART    SECOND. 

day,  in  a  "petty  cash  book,"  and  the  amount  transferred  at 
the  close  of  the  day  to  the  cash  acct.  (38.) 

This  cash  acct.  should  be  balanced  daily,  but  to  save  space 
and  time  we  will  balance  it  weekly.  (23.) 

They  buy  for  cash,  and  sell  on  thirty  days'  credit. 

July  1.  (Thursday.)  Paid  for  account  books,  $12.50.  Sold 
John  Hill  4  lbs.  asparagus  @  12y2$,  y2  pk.  S.  beans,  150,  15  lbs.  sugar, 
$1.00,  1  bunch  radishes,  80,  1  pk.  pease,  500.  Sold  Henry  Stone  1 
bbl.  flour,  $5.75,  10  lbs.  rice  @  80.  Sold  John  Hall  10  gals,  molasses 
@  650,  5  gals.  k.  oil  at  150.  Paid  for  vegetables,  $8.50.  Rec'd.  for 
cash  sales  this  day,  $90.40.  (17.)  2nd.  Sold  James  Stone  1  can  c. 
beef,  300,  1  bunch  celery,  200,  20  bars  W.  soap,  $1.  Sold  John  Hill 
1  bbl.  Wash,  flour,  $5.75,  16  lbs.  sugar,  $1.  Sold  Harry  Willes  y2  bu. 
apples  @  $1,  1  doz.  oranges,  400.  Cash  sales  this  day,  $84.60.  3rd. 
Sold  Seth  Hull  2  doz.  tomato  plants  @  250,  4  doz.  cabbage  plants  @ 
150.  Paid  for  vegetables,  $12.50.  Sold  Ralph  Smith  y2  bu.  pease  @ 
$2.,  1  box  salt,  200,  3  doz.  eggs  at  16^0.  Paid  for  stamps,  $1.  For 
printing  bill  heads,  $5.  Deposited  in  Merchants  Bank,  $250.00.  (27.) 
Rec'd.  for  sales  this  day,  $80.90.  (23.)  5th.  Bought  of  Bronson  & 
Co.  mdse.  per  bill  to  amt.  of  $1082.65,  and  paid  by  check  on  Mer- 
chants Bank  (32.);  also  gave  check  for  bill  of  sundries,  $87.80  to  S. 
Hall.  (32.)  Paid  cash  for  sundries,  $25.60.  (18.)  Paid  expenses  to 
New  York,  $6.20.  Sold  Edwin  Coit  3  11-16  lbs.  cheese  @  160,  1  bottle 
ketchup,  300,  2  lbs.  raisins  @  200.  Sold  Philip  Young  iy2  doz.  lemons 
@  300,  2  lbs.  raisins  @  200,  1  lb.  Java  coffee,  280,  y2  lb.  tea  @  800,  1 
box  cinnamon,  120,  1  box  cloves,  100.  Reed,  for  sales  this  day,  $110.40. 
6th.  Sold  Henry  Stone  2  boxes  berries  @  300,  y2  lb.  citron  @  400,  % 
lb.  nutmegs,  250.  Paid  for  strawberries,  $8.50.  (22.)  Sold  Jacob 
Cook  1  pa.  cocoa  shells,  250,  4  bottles  essences  @  200,  1  pa.  chocolate, 
250,  1  pkg.  d.  cocoanut,  500.  Sold  John  Hall  y2  pk.  onions,  250,  2 
bunches  beets  @  100,  2  hds.  lettuce  @  80,  4  squashes,  260,  3  cucumbers, 
150,  1  broom,  300,  2  pails  @  250.  Deposited  in  Merchants  Bank,  $100. 
(27.)  Paid  for  vegetables,  $4.  Cash  sales  this  day,  $98.50.  7th. 
Sold  Jacob  Cook  8  pa.  Washing  Remedy,  $1.,  2  lbs.  pearl  barley  @ 
100,  10  lbs.  oat  meal  @  80.  Sold  Philip  Young,  2  pa.  c.  starch  @  150, 
1  pa.  c.  tartar,  120.  Paid  for  insurance,  $25.50.  Paid  for  sign,  $12.50. 
Reed,  for  sales  this  day,  $64.20.  8th.  Paid  James  Clark  for  mdse. 
by  check  on  M.  Bank,   $148.50.     (32.)     Paid  cash   for  freight,   $2.50., 


SINGLE    LEDGER.       SINGLE    PAGE.  89 

cartage,  $1.  Sold  Philip  Young  1  bbl.  St.  Louis  flour,  $5.,  2  boxes 
berries  @  20**,  3  bunches  radishes  @  100.  Sold  Edwin  Coit  2  lbs. 
currants  @  180,  %■  lb.  pepper  @  180.  Sold  Ralph  Smith  2  boxes 
cloves  @  120,  6  lbs.  starch,  500,  1  pkg.  matches,  250,  10  lbs.  cod-fish  @ 
60.  Paid  for  expressage,  750.  Reed,  for  sales  this  day,  $74.50.  9th. 
Sold  Seth  Hull  1  can  tongue,  400,  1  jar  pickles,  500.  Sold  Harry 
Willes  1  lb.  ginger,  150,  1  lb.  J.  coffee,  280,  15  lbs.  sugar,  $1.  Paid 
for  eggs,  $1.80.  Deposited  in  Merchants  Bank,  $200.  Reed,  for  sales 
this  day,  $81.20.  10th.  Sold  John  Hill,  14  lbs.  crackers  @  80,  10  lbs. 
bacon  @  9^.0,  12  lbs.  lard  @  100,  4%  lbs.  pork  @  100.  Sold  James 
Stone  16  lbs.  sugar,  $1.,  3  boxes  berries  at  16^0,  3  lbs.  milk  biscuits, 
250,  1  lb.  mix.  tea,  750,  1  wash  tub,  750.  Deposited  in  bank,  $100. 
Paid  for  mdse.,  $4.25.  Received  for  sales  this  day,  $101.42.  (23.)  (22.) 
12th.  Sold  Seth  Hull  %  bbl.  St.  Louis  flour,  $2.75,  2  gals,  molasses 
@  700,  3  lbs.  butter  at  250,  3  7-16  lbs.  cheese  @  160,  6  lbs.  prunes  @ 
50.  Sold  Edwin  Coit  1  pkg.  cocoanut,  500,  1  can  b.  powder,  500,  1  gal. 
molasses,  700,  16  lbs.  sugar,  $1.  Reed,  for  sales,  $62.40.  13th. 
Bought  for  cash,  mdse.  amounting  to  $18.60.  Sold  Jacob  Cook  1  bbl. 
W.  flour,  $5.75.  Rec'd.  for  sales,  $69.42.  14th.  Henry  Stone  has 
bought  5  doz.  clothes  pins  @  80,  1  wash  board,  200,  2  tubs  at  750. 
Sold  Harry  Willes  5  gals,  molasses  @  700,  1  box  starch,  500,  y2  lb. 
tea  @  800,  4  lbs.  raisins  @  200,  2  lbs.  butter  @  250.  Cash  sales 
this  day,  $70.30.  15th.  Deposited  cash,  $250.  Paid  sight  draft  of 
Bronson  &  Co.  on  me,  for  $850.,  by  check  on  M.  Bank.  (32.)  Paid 
freight  and  cartage  in  cash,  $3.42.  Reed,  for  cash  sales,  $50.64.  16th. 
Sold  John  Hill  10  lbs.  rice  @  80,  2  cans  c.  beef  @  250,  8  lbs.  prunes  @ 
50,  1  doz.  oranges,  400,  3  doz.  eggs,  500.  Reed,  for  cash  sales,  $62.20. 
17th.  Gave  a  check  to  Hiram  Allen  for  garden  vegetables,  $50.  (32.) 
Deposited  cash,  $100.  Cash  sales,  $61.80.  (23.)  19th.  Sold  John 
Hall  4%  lbs.  mackerel  @  100,  1  bottle  bluing,  150,  2  doz.  eggs  @  170, 
2  hds.  cabbage  @  100,  4  lbs.  w.  soda  @  50.  Reed,  for  sales,  $42.81. 
20th.  Sold  Jacob  Cook  1  lb.  citron,  400,  2  lbs.  d.  currants  @  180,  1 
jar  pickles,  500,  5  gal.  k.  oil  @  150,  y2  lb.  tea  @  800,  2  lbs.  coffee 
<g>  250.  Cash  sales,  $67.84.  21st.  Sold  Philip  Young  1  pk.  potatoes, 
500,  y2  bu.  pease  @  $1,  4  squashes,  200,  1  pk.  turnips,  200,  16  lbs.  sugar, 
$1.  Sold  Edwin  Coit,  1  bbl.  M.  flour,  $5.75,  5  lbs.  rice  @  80,  1  lb.  m. 
cakes,  120,  1  pa.  cocoa  shells,  250.  Reed,  for  sales,  $62.21.  (22.)  22nd. 
Sold  Ralph  Smith  1  bag  flour,  750,  20  bars  soap,  $1.,  4  lbs.  cheese  @ 
160,  1  nest  boxes,  650,  6  lbs.  prunes  @  50,  2  doz.  eggs  @  180,  8  lbs. 
sugar,  500,  1  gal.  molasses,  700.  Cash  sales,  $56.42.  23rd.  Sold 
Seth  Hull   5  gals,  kerosene    @    150,   12   lbs.  milk  biscuits,   $1.,    4  lbs. 


90  BOOK-KEEPING PART    SECOND. 

raisins  @  20^,  16  lbs.  sugar,  $1.,  6  lbs.  gran,  sugar,  500.  Sold  James 
Stone  1  bbl.  H.  flour,  $5.50,  2  cans  c.  beef  @  300,  V2  bu.  n.  potatoes, 
800,  4  gals,  molasses  @  650,  1  box  starch,  500,  1  bottle  bluing,  150,  1 
yeast  cake,  20.  Cash  sales,  $75.81.  24th.  Deposited  cash,  $300. 
Sold  Henry  Stone,  2  doz.  eggs,  @  170,  1  doz.  bananas,  350,  1  box  figs, 
250,  10  lbs.  meal  @  20.  Cash  sales,  $93.10.  (23.)  26th.  Harry 
Willes  has  bought  1  bbl.  St.  Louis  flour,  $5.50,  1  doz.  bananas,  350,  2 
brooms  @  250,  1  brush  broom,  150.  Sold  Henry  Stone,  1  box  figs,  250, 
iy2  doz.  lemons  @  400,  V2  lb.  tea  @  800,  2  gals,  molasses  @  750.  Cash 
sales  this  day,  $61.11.  27th.  Sold  Edwin  Coit  1  bbl.  M.  flour,  $5.,  6 
lbs.  pow.  sugar,  500,  4  doz.  eggs  @  170.  Paid  Bronson  &  Co.,  for  mdse. 
by  check  on  M.  Bank,  $564.82.  (32.)  Reed,  for  cash  sales,  $72.14. 
28th.  Sold  Seth  Hull  5  lbs.  rice  @  80.  Paid  cash  for  sundries  per 
bill,  $208.75.  Cash  sales,  $81.15.  29th.  -Sold  Jacob  Cook,  20  bars 
soap,  $1.,  16  lbs.  sugar,  $1.  Cash  sales  this  day,  $84.80.  30th.  Sold 
Ralph  Smith,  1  bbl.  St.  Louis  flour,  $5,50.  Sold  Harry  Willes  10  lbs. 
rice  @  80,  5  lbs.  cheese  @  140.  Sold  John  Hall  1  bbl.  P.  flour,  $5.75, 
16  lbs.  ham  @  12%c.  Reed,  for  cash  sales,  $68.40.  31st.  Sold 
James  Stone  2  doz.  bananas  @  350.  Deposited  in  bank,  $300.  (27.) 
Gave  a  check  for  1  month's  rent.  $50.  (32.)  Reed,  of  John  Hill, 
$15.30  to  bal.  his  acct.  for  month  of  July.  (24.)  Reed,  of  Henry 
Stone,  $13.19  to  bal.  (22.)  Reed,  of  John  Hall,  $18.16  to  bal.  Reed, 
of  James  Stone  cash  to  bal.  $15.62.  Harry  Willes  has  paid  cash  to 
bal.  $16.03.  Seth  Hull  has  paid  $12.20  to  bal.  Reed,  of  Ralph  Smith, 
$13.69  to  bal.  Reed,  of  Edwin  Coit  cash  to  bal.,  $17.14.  Reed,  of 
Philip  Young  cash  to  bal.,  $10.27.  Reed,  of  Jacob  Cook,  $14.46  to 
bal.  his  acct.  (24.)  (11.)  Paid  clerk's  salary  for  month,  $50.  Reed. 
for  cash  sales,  $98.14. 

This  completes  the  set,  all  the  accounts  balance  except  the 
bank  account  and  cash  account,  balance  them,  and  on  page  68 
make  the  following 

Statement. 
July  31st,  19 — . 

Mdse.  per  Inventory,  -  $4323  77 

Cash  in  bank,  -----         666  23 

Cash  on  hand,     -----  260  00 

Capital  at  closing,  -  $5250  00 

"  beginning,  -  5000  00 

Net  Profit,  -  $250  00 


PART    THIRD 


(91) 


PART    THIRD. 

Day    Book    and    Ledger 
Blank  Book  No.  3. 


Part  Third  contains  the  old  time,  Day  Book  and  Ledger 
method.  It  is  put  last  as  the  style  leads  toward  Double 
Entry  methods.  After  writing  it,  you  will  see  why  the 
"Single  Ledger,"  Direct  Entry,  method  has  superceded  it. 

Three  separate  books  would  be  used  in  business,  Day 
Book,  Cash  Book  and  Ledger,  but  for  school  work,  I  prefer 
to  bind  them  in  one. 

Page  the  No.  3  Blank  Book.  No  index.  Commence  the  Day 
Book  on  page  1,  the  first  page  is  printed  in  full  in  the  text 
book,  write  the  date  at  the  beginning  of  each  day's  business, 
skip  one  line  after  each  transaction,  observe  where  Dr.  and 
Cr.  are  written,  see  how  Otis  Park  is  credited  and  debited, 
do  not  write  the  figures  at  the  left  until  you  post. 

Begin  the  Cash  Book  at  page  46,  use  single  page,  the  cash 
on  hand  is  the  cash  in  the  safe,  write  the  page  of  the  cash 
account,  at  the  left  of  the  item,  in  the  Day  Book.  In  busi- 
ness all  cash  sales  would  be  written,  and  the  account  balanced 
at  the  close  of  each  day's  business ;  to  avoid  tedious  repeti- 
tion, the  amount  for  the  week  is  given,  and  the  account 
balanced  weekly,  notice  (23)  at  end  of  each  week. 

Write  three  days'  business,  ending  Saturday,  balance  the 
cash  acct.  read  (40)  and  post  what  you  have  written  in  the 
Day  Book. 

Each  account  will  need  one  page  in  the  Ledger. 

(93) 


94 


BOOK-KEEPING PART    THIRD. 


Winona,  April  ist,  ip — . 


53 

William  Foster,  Cr. 
By  Mdse.  per  inventory, 

2000 

54 

Cash  in  Winona  Bank, 

900 

46 

M      "  safe, 

100 

3000 

55 

Hugh  West,  Dr. 
To  3  yds.  Satinet  @  $1. 
Y%  doz.  pr.  Hose  @  $6. 

o 
3 

00 
00 

3  yds.  Linen  @  40^ 

1 

20 

7 

20 

56 

Otis  Park,  Cr. 
By  2480  lbs.  Hay  @  $18. 
Dr. 

22 

32 

56 

To  1  bbl.  St.  Louis  Flour 

5 

50 

5  gals.  Molasses  @  70^ 

3 

50 

9 

00 

• 

57 

Asa  Long,  Cr. 
By  Shoeing  1  pr.  Horses 

3 

00 

DAY    BOOK   AND    LEDGER. 


95 


Dr. 


Otis  Park. 


Cr. 


19— 
Apr. 


To  Mdse. 


"  Cash 
"  Mdse. 

M  ti 

M  Cash 
"  Mdse. 


balance 


19— 

1 

9 

00 

Apr. 

1 

3 

2 

30 

3 

4 

2 

75 

5 

7 

95 

8 

11 

7 

26 

13 

13 

4 

25 

16 

14 

10 

19 

16 

1 

28 

22 

19 

72 

24 

21 

10 

26 

21 

60 

24 

2 

80 

25 

61 
114 

80 
81 

52 

By  Hay 
"  Work 
"  Straw 
"  Hay 
"  Wood 
M  Sund. 
"  Butter 
"  Vinegar 
"  Order 
"  Sund. 


1 

3 
4 
7 

11 
14 
16 
19 
20 
21 


22 
1 
2 

23 
5 

19 
6 
2 

10 

21 


By  balance 


114 
61 


g6  BOOK-KEEPING PART    THIRD. 

SET    VI, 

Record  of  the  business  transactions  of  William  Foster, 
dealer  in  groceries,  dry  goods,  etc.,  in  the  village  of  Winona. 
He  begins  Apr.  I,  19 — ,  with  a  capital  of  $3000,  consisting  of 
mdse.  in  store,  $2000. ;  Cash  in  Winona  Bank,  $900.,  and  cash 
on  hand,  $100.  (Write  "Cash  Acct.  Set  VI.")  Remem- 
ber (23.) 

Sold  Hugh  West  3  yds.  satinet  @  $1.,  y2  doz.  pr.  hose  @  $6.,  3  yds. 
linen  @  40$*.  Bought  of  Otis  Park  2480  lbs.  of  hay  at  $18.,  and  sold 
him  1  bbl.  St.  Louis  flour,  $5.50,  5  gals,  molasses  @  700.  Asa  Long 
has  shod  1  pr.  horses,  $3. 

2nd.  Sold  Levi  Clark  4  bu.  potatoes  at  700,  y2  bu.  beans  @  $3.,  6 
lbs.  butter  @  250.  Seth  Young  has  worked  4  days  @  $1.75,  and 
furnished  lumber  to  the  amt.  of  $3.45.  Sold  Adam  White  25  lbs.  oat 
meal  at  80,  10  lbs.  rice  at  80;  and  bought  of  him  36  lbs.  butter  @  220. 
Sold  Hugh  West  5  9-16  lbs.  cheese  @  160.  3rd.  Paid  for  mdse.  by 
check  on  W.  Bank,  $562.75  to  Horton  &  Co.  (32.)  Paid  for  freight 
and  cartage,  $6.75.  (Cash  acct.)  Sold  Hugh  West  1  bbl.  W.  flour,  $6., 
10  gals.  k.  oil  @  150.  Sold  Asa  Long  4  doz.  eggs  @  220,  8  lbs.  prunes 
@  50,  1  box  starch,  500.  He  has  repaired  wagon,  $3.50.  Otis  Park  has 
drawn  2  tons  coal,  $1.50;  and  sold  him  2  bags  meal  @  $1.15.  Reed, 
for  cash  sales  this  week,  $62.80.     (No  entry  in  day  book.)    (17.)    (23.) 

Post  the  three  days'  business,  see  (40.),  also  the  sample 
ledger  page. 

In  business,  the  accounts  should  be  posted  each  day,  you 
can  write  the  business  of  one  week  and  then  post  it ;  but  write 
all  entries  that  belong  in  the  cash  acct.  in  it,  as  you  copy  the 
memoranda.  Cash  paid  or  received,  on  account,  and  cash  de- 
posited, should  be  written  in  day  book,  and  on  cash  acct.  (42.) 

5th.  Sold  Levi  Clark  16  lbs.  ham  @  12  %0,  4  doz.  eggs  @  220.  Bot. 
of  Otis  Park  30  bundles  straw  @  80;  and  sold  him  32  lbs.  sugar,  $2., 
5  gals.  k.  oil  @  150.  Credit  Asa  Long,  by  shoeing  sleigh,  $5.25.  Sold 
Seth  Young  2  lbs.  J.  coffee  @  250,  %  lb.  Y.  H.  tea  @  800;  and  he  has 
worked  1  day,  $2.  6th.  Bot.  of  Adam  White  %  cd.  c.  wood  @  $5.; 
and  sold  him  1  bbl.  St.  Louis  flour,  $5.50.     Sold  Hugh  West  2  cans 


DAY    BOOK   AND    LEDGER.  .    97 

cocoanut  @  500,  24  lbs.  butter  @  250,  1  jar  pickles,  500.  Bot.  of  Levi 
Clark  1  pr.  calf  boots,  $4.,  1  pr.  slippers,  $1.50,  1  bottle  blacking,  100. 
Sold  Seth  Young  1  bbl.  P.  flour,  $6.  7th.  Paid  for  painting  sign, 
$8.50.  (18.)  Asa  Long  has  ironed  1  set  wheels,  $8.  Sold  Seth  Young 
24  lbs.  m.  biscuits  @  8^,  16  lbs.  sugar  $1.,  12  lbs.  gran,  sugar,  $1. 
Deposited  in  bank,  $100.  (42.)  Sold  Levi  Clark  1  bbl.  P.  flour,  $6., 
2  lbs.  J.  tea  @  75$!.  Sold  Hugh  West  4  doz.  eggs  @  250,  16  lbs.  sugar, 
$1.  8th.  Credit  Asa  Long  by  iron  and  work,  $2.;  and  charge  him  2 
gals,  vinegar  @  120,  1  bottle  vanilla,  20$*,  1  gal.  m.  syrup,  $1.12.  Sold 
Seth  Young  2  pa.  s.  polish  @  100,  1  bag  salt,  200,  1  bottle  s.  oil,  350. 
Bot.  of  Otis  Park  2640  lbs.  hay  @  $18.;  and  sold  him  2  lbs.  J.  coffee 
@  250,  1  pkg.  tapioca,  250,  1  pkg.  sago,  200.  Paid  for  sundries,  $2.75. 
(18.)  9th.  Sold  Adam  White  10  yds.  gingham  @  120,  y2  doz.  linen 
towels  @  $4.,  1  doz.  buttons,  400.  Sold  Hugh  West  V2  doz.  hand- 
kerchiefs, $1.50,  1  lamp,  $2.50,  1  pr.  gloves,  $1.  Asa  Long  has  bought 
1  bbl.  flour,  $5.50.  Levi  Clark  has  bought  2  doz.  oranges  @  350,  1 
doz.  bananas,  400,  2  brooms  @  300,  1  wash  tub,  750.  lOth.  De- 
posited in  bank,  $100.  (42.)  Sold  Seth  Young  1  gal.  vinegar,  120,  1 
jar  pickles,  500,  2  doz.  lemons  @  300,  16  lbs.  sugar,  $1.  Sold  Hugh 
West  3  doz.  oranges  @  300,  10  lbs.  prunes  @  50,  2  lbs.  currants  @  18<!, 
1  can  cocoanut,  500.  Bot.  of  Adam  White  10  bu.  potatoes  @  650,  32 
lbs.  butter  at  220.  Reed,  for  cash  sales  this  week,  $180.  (23.)  12th. 
Sold  Seth  Young  10  lbs.  crackers  @  60,  2  doz.  pa.  pins  @  12^0,  1  pr. 
overalls,  500.  Sold  Levi  Clark  20  yds.  cotton  cloth  @  80,  1  dos. 
napkins,  500.  Sold  Adam  White  12  yds.  cambric  @  60,  4  yds.  velve- 
teen @  300.  Hugh  West  has  paid  $25.  on  acct.  (42.),  and  sold  him 
22  bars  soap,  $1.,  1  wash  board,  300.  13th.  Credit  Levi  Clark  1  pr. 
gent's  shoes,  $3.50,  1  pr.  ladies'  shoes,  $4.50.  Bot.  of  Otis  Park  1  cd.  o. 
wood,  $5.50.;  and  sold  him  5  bags  meal  @  $1.14,  16  lbs.  c.  fish  @  60, 
6  boxes  spices,  600.  Seth  Young  has  worked  2V2  days  @  $2.;  and  sold 
him  2  lbs.  J.  coffee  at  250,  1  lb.  tea,  800,  16  lbs.  sugar,  $1.  14th.  Sold 
Hugh  West  22  bars  W.  soap,  $1.,  2  lbs.  butter  @  250,  4  doz.  eggs  @ 
250.  Asa  Long  has  set  one  tire,  400,  repaired  truck,  200;  and  sold 
him  2  bu.  potatoes  @  700,  y2  bu.  turnips  @  300.  Sold  Levi  Clark  25 
bars  B.  soap,  $1.,  1  cardigan,  $1.75.  Bot.  of  Seth  Young  1  wheel- 
barrow, $2.  Bought  for  cash  a  bill  of  mdse.,  $62.40.  15th.  Sold 
Levi  Clark  1  bbl.  flour,  $6.  Sold  Otis  Park  5  gals,  molasses  @  700, 
5  gals.  k.  oil  @  150.  Sold  Seth  Young  4  qts.  onions  @  100,  8  lbs. 
7 


98  BOOK-KEEPING PART    THIRD. 

prunes  @  50,  1  lb.  tea,  800.  Bot.  of  Seth  Young  80  ft.  pine  boards  @ 
50.  Sold  Adam  White  10  gals,  molasses  @  650.  16th.  Sold  Asa 
Long  1  bbl.  St.  Louis  flour,  $5.,  1  box  starch,  500,  1  box  figs,  350,  1 
pkg.  matches,  250.  Sold  Levi  Clark  1  doz.  oranges,  40c,  2  gals, 
molasses  @  700,  y2  lb.  citron,  200,  1  pk.  apples,  500.  Bot.  of  Otis  Park 
840  ft.  ches.  plank  @  20,  4  posts  @  250,  1  load  stone,  $1.50;  and  paid 
him  cash  on  acct.,  $10.  (22.)  17th.  Sold  Hugh  West  4  lbs.  w. 
nails  @  80,  10  yds.  gingham,  $2.50,  2  yds.  satinet  @  $1.,  3  lin.  hand- 
kerchiefs at  250,  2  yds.  cambric  @  12^0.  Deposited  in  bank,  $50. 
(42.)  Bot.  of  Adam  White  1  cd.  c.  wood,  $5.,  y2  cd.  o.  wood  @  $6.; 
sold  him  16  lbs.  sugar,  $1.  Sold  Levi  Clark  16  lbs.  sugar,  $1.  Reed. 
for  cash  sales  this  week,  $190.50.  (23.)  19th.  Deposited  cash,  $200. 
(42.)  Hugh  West  has  bought  4  lbs.  creamery  butter  @  300,  1  lb. 
maple  sugar,  200,  %  lb.  nutmegs  @  800.  Otis  Park  has  sold  to  Wm. 
Foster  30  lbs.  butter  @  200;  and  bought  of  him  2  lbs.  corn  starch  @ 
250,  4  lbs.  soda  crackers  @  70,  1  lb.  chocolate,  350,  3  lbs.  prunes  @  50. 
Asa  Long  has  made  2  brackets  @  350.  Bot.  for  cash  1  bottle  ink,  880. 
(18.)  20th.  Sold  Asa  Long  4  bottles  extracts  @  250,  3  lbs.  cheese  @ 
150,  8  lbs.  lard  @  12^-0.  Bot.  of  Levi  Clark  1  pr.  boys'  boots,  $2.50, 
1  pr.  rubbers,  400;  and  sold  him  4  lbs.  raisins  @  200,  1  pa.  gelatine, 
300,  5  lbs.  hominy  @  60.  Credit  Seth  Young  with  two  hours'  work 
@  250;  and  charge  him  with  16  lbs.  ham  @  12^0,  4  doz.  eggs  @  220. 
Paid  for  advertising,  $8.50.  21st.  Bot.  of  Adam  White  10  cloz.  eggs 
@  200,  5  bu.  potatoes  @  600,  2  bu.  turnips  @  250;  and  sold  him  1  gal. 
m.  syrup,  $1.12,  2  lbs.  raisins  at  200,  10  lbs.  h.  bread  @  80.  Gave  Hugh 
West  an  order  on  Levi  Clark  for  $5.  (15.)  (2  entries.)  Sold  Seth 
Young  12  lbs.  oat  meal  @  80.  22nd.  Charge  Asa  Long  1  pr.  gloves, 
$1.12,  4  yds.  satinet  @  $1.  Credit  Otis  Park  32  gals,  vinegar  @  80; 
and  charge  him  4  lbs.  currants  @  180.  Sold  Hugh  West  %  bu.  beans 
@  $2.,  %  lb.  nutmegs  @  $1.  Bot.  of  Levi  Clark  2  boxes  blacking  @ 
80,  1  pr.  rubbers,  750,  1  p.  child's  slippers,  $2.  24th.  Dep.  in  bank, 
$100.  Bot.  of  Horton  and  Co.  mdse.,  $182.50,  and  paid  by  check  on 
W.  Bank.  (32.)  Gave  Seth  Young  an  order  on  Otis  Park  for  $10. 
(15.)  Sold  Hugh  West  4  lbs.  c.  butter  @  30c,  y2  doz.  handkerchiefs  @ 
$3.  Sold  Asa  Long  4  yds.  flannel  @  250.  Reed,  for  cash  sales  this 
week,  $150.60.  (23.)  26th.  Gave  check  on  W.  Bank  for  $62.50  to 
Reed  &  Miller  for  dry  goods.     (32).     Paid  for  painting,  $16.50.     Paid 


DAY    BOOK   AND    LEDGER.  99 

for  bill  of  paint  and  oil,  $8.  Credit  Seth  Young  with  1V2  days'  work 
@  $2.,  and  lumber  $4.  Paid  Otis  Park  $10,  on  acct.  (22.)  Reed,  of 
Hugh  West  $25.  on  acct.  (42.)  Bot.  of  Otis  Park  1840  lbs.  hay  @ 
$18.  per  ton,  924  lbs.  straw  @  $10.;  and  sold  him  iy2  doz.  oranges  @ 
40**.  27th.  Bot.  of  Adam  White  240  lbs.  pork  @  60;'  and  paid  him 
$8.  on  acct.  (42.)  Asa  Long  has  made  an  awning  frame,  $5.;  sold 
him  1  hat,  $2.50.  Sold  Levi  Clark  1  pkg.  matches,  250,  3  gals,  mo- 
lasses @  70^,  2  lbs.  J.  coffee  @  250.  Sold  Seth  Young  16  lbs.  sugar, 
$1.,  V2  lb.  tea  @  800.  Paid  a  city  tax  of  $21.80.  28th.  Sold  Adam 
White  1  bbl.  St.  Louis  flour,  $5.,  4  lbs.  rice  @  80.  Sold  Asa  Long  4 
boxes  spices  @  100,  12^  lbs.  c.  fish  @  60.  Sold  Levi  Clark  2  cans 
cocoanut  @  500.  Sold  Hugh  West  5  gals,  molasses  @  750.  Paid  B. 
S.  Reeves  by  check  on  bank,  $42.50  for  bill  of  boots  and  shoes.  (32.) 
29th.  Sold  Levi  Clark  10  lbs.  oat  meal  @  60,  2  pa.  corn  starch  @  250. 
Sold  Hugh  West  5  lbs.  pearl  barley  @  8c,  2  brooms  @  250.  Sold  Adam 
White  1  whip,  500.  Bot.  of  Seth  Young  1  ironing  board,  500.  Sold 
Otis  Park  25  bars  B.  soap,  $1.,  2  wash  tubs  @  900.  Paid  for  notions 
bought  of  a  peddler,  $11.10.  30th.  Sold  Asa  Long  4  cans  tomatoes 
@  12^0.  Sold  Hugh  West  2  cans  c.  beef  @  300.  Deposited  in  bank, 
$100.  Sold  Adam  White  2  gals,  syrup  @  $1.12.  Sold  Otis  Park  8  lbs. 
rice  @  100.  Paid  Horton  &  Co.  for  mdse.  by  check  on  bank,  $284.60. 
(32.)  Paid  rent  of  store  1  mo.,  $25.  Paid  for  clerk  hire,  $25.  Reed, 
for  cash  sales  this  week,  $180.42. 

This  closes  the  set;  balance  all  the  accounts,  except 
William  Foster's;  on  the  page  below  his  account  open  a 
"Balance  Acct."  on  fifth  line  below  the  red  line,  with  Dr.  at 
the  left,  Cr.  at  the  right;  on  the  Dr.  side  write  the  assets 
which  are,  Mdse.  per  Invt.,  $2693.42,  Winona  Bank,  $415.15, 
Cash  on  hand,  $39.14,  Hugh  West,  $7.27,  Asa  Long,  $1.16, 
Levi  Clark,  $14.92,  Seth  Young,  $2.91 ;  on  the  Cr.  side  the 
balances  due  Otis  Park,  $61.81,  Adam  White,  $12.16,  then 
balance  the  Balance  Account. 

Below  the  Balance  Acct.  make  a  statement  (31.),  and  the 
profit  $100.  write  on  the  Cr.  side  of  William  Foster's  acct., 
and  balance  that. 

The  Balance  Acct.  and  Statement  are  put  on  the  page  with 
Wm.  Foster's  account  to  save  space. 


IOO  BOOK-KEEPING PART   THIRD. 

SET   VII. 

James  Lawton,  Furniture  Dealer. 

Mem.  of  his  business  for  one  month,  representing  one 
year;  the  set  is  to  be  written  like  the  preceding  set,  and  fol- 
lows it  in  Blank  Book  No.  3.  Begin  the  day  book  at  page 
26,  by  writing  James  Lawton,  Cr.  and  under  it  the  six  items 
which  make  his  resources;  then  Dr.  on  the  next  line,  and 
under  it  the  two  liabilities. 

Begin  the  Cash  Acct.  at  page  50,  single  page,  balance  it 
weekly.     See  the  (23.)     (Cash  Acct.  Set  VII)  at  top  of  page. 

We  will  put  two  accounts  on  each  page  of  the  Ledger. 
Divide  each  page  except  the  last,  into  two  parts,  by  drawing 
with  red  ink  two  horizontal  lines,  across  the  pages  in  the 
middle  of  the  tenth  space  from  the  foot  of  the  page;  when 
you  open  an  account  on  the  lower  half,  write  the  person's 
name  on  the  second  blue  line  below  the  red  lines. 

Open  an  account  with  James  Lawton  on  page  61,  on  the 
Cr.  side  write,  By  Assets,  26,  $3300,  on  Dr.  side  write,  To 
Liabilities,  26,  $170. 

Open  accounts  with  the  next  four  persons  and  write  the 
amount  each  owes  on  the  Dr.  side  of  his  acct.  in  the  ledger. 
In  third  space  write,  "To  bal." 

Open  accounts  with  the  next  two  persons  and  write  the 
amount  due  to  each  on  the  Cr.  side  of  his  account,  write  the 
ledger  page  of  each  at  the  left  of  each  name  in  the  day  book. 

Woodstown,  Jan.  1st,  19 — . 

James  Lawton  has  the  following  assets,  Mdse.  in  store,  $3000.,  Cash 
on  hand,  $100.,  John  Lee  owes  him,  $20.,  Ira  Cook,  $40.,  James  Guy, 
$80.,  Frank  Gray,  $60.  Total,  $3300.  He  is  Dr.  to  Walter  King,  bal. 
on  acct.,  $80.,  and  to  Frank  Jones,  $90.,  total,  $170. 

Sold  to  James  Guy  1  office  desk,  $18.  Bot.  of  Frank  Jones  1  hat, 
$4.50,  1  pr.  gloves,  $3.  2nd.  (Saturday.)  Sold  John  Lee  1  set  b.  w. 
furniture,  $62.50.  Bot.  of  Ira  Cook  25  yds.  carpeting  @  $1.  Bot.  of 
Frank  Gray  1  Magee  range,  $24.50.  Sold  Walter  King  4  office  chairs 
@  $1.50.  Bot.  of  James  Guy  1  ton  coal,  $5.50.  Sold  Frank  Jones  1 
ex.  din.  table,  $14.25.     Reed,  for  cash   sales  two   days,   $90.51.     (38.) 


DAY    BOOK   AND    LEDGER.  ''      '    '   IOI 

Paid  for  insurance,  $25.  (23.)  4th.  Paid  for  advertising,  $5.  Sold 
Ira  Cook  1  b.  w.  book-case,  $20.  Bot.  of  John  Lee  20  lbs.  butter  @ 
250.  Bot.  of  Walter  King  1  silver  watch,  $18.  Sold  Frank  Gray  12 
d.  r.  chairs  @  $1.25.  Bot.  of  James  Guy  1  ton  s.  coal,  $5.50,  1  ton  c. 
coal,  $5.50.  Sold  Frank  Jones  1  cherry  side-board,  $24.50.  5th. 
Paid  Frank  Jones  $40.  on  acct.  Sold  Walter  King  1  spring  rocker, 
$18.,  1  student's  chair,  $22.  Sold  Frank  Gray  1  office  lounge,  $10.  Bot. 
of  John  Lee  2240  lbs.  hay  @  $20.  Sold  Ira  Cook  1  cane  r.  chair,  $3. 
Sold  Levi  Long  1  spring  bed,  $10.  6th.  Sold  Frank  Jones  1  b.  w. 
cor.  what-not,  $2.50.  Sold  Ira  Cook  1  cottage  suit,  $35.  Sold  Walter 
King  1  cherry  wardrobe,  $22.  Sold  Frank  Gray  1  Turkish  lounge,  $18. 
Sold  James  Guy  1  parlor  suit,  $80.  Sold  Levi  Long  1  cyl.  book-case, 
$24.  7th.  Bot.  of  John  Lee  2  cords  o.  wood  @  $6.;  and  sold  him  V2 
doz.  chairs  @  $6.  Sold  Levi  Long  1  chamber  suit,  $40.  Sold  Frank 
Gray  1  pat.  child's  chair,  $5.  Sold  James  Guy  1  revolving  chair,  $5. 
Sold  Walter  King  1  library  table,  $18.,  1  folding  crib,  $5.50.  8th. 
Reed,  of  Frank  Gray,  $80.  on  acct.  Sold  James  Guy  1  Lumburg  chair, 
$7.  Sold  Ira  Cook  1  folding  chair,  $6.;  and  he  has  paid  $50.,  on  acct. 
Bot.  of  John  Lee  2420  lbs.  hay  @  $20.;  and  sold  him  1  black  walnut 
rocker,  $2.50.  Reed,  of  Levi  Long,  $50.  on  acct.  9th.  Sold  Frank 
Jones  1  plush  parlor  suit,  $75.;  and  bought  of  him  1  set  furs,  $50. 
Sold  Levi  Long  1  hair  mattress,  $8.  Sold  Ira  Cook  1  hat  stand,  $6. 
Sold  Walter  King  1  Grand  Duchess  suit,  $75.;  and  bought  of  him  1 
watch  chain,  $25.  Sold  James  Guy  1  cot  bedstead,  $3.  Reed,  for 
cash  sales  this  week,  $240.  (23.)  11th.  Bot.  of  James  Guy  bill 
of  lumber,  $18.  Sold  John  Lee  1  E.  L.  chamber  suit,  $50.  Bot.  of  Ira 
Cook  30  yds.  tapestry  carpet  @  $1.50.  Bot.  of  Frank  Gray  1  Rich- 
mond furnace,  $80.;  and  sold  him  1  im.  b.  w.  suit,  $90.  Sold  Walter 
King  1  b.  w.  bureau,  $8.  12th.  Sold  Henry  Foster  1  oak  sideboard, 
$20.  Bot.  of  John  Lee  4  bu.  potatoes  @  650,  2  bu.  turnips  @  25#,  8 
doz.  eggs  @  30^,  5  cabbages  @  100,  20  lbs.  butter  @  250.  Sold  Lewis 
Rich  V2  doz.  library  chairs,  $24.  Sold  Neal  Smith  1  set  library  furni- 
ture, $95.,  1  Lumburg  chair,  $7.  13th.  Sold  Peter  Rice  1  piano  stool, 
$5.  Sold  Lewis  Rich  1  ex.  table,  $12.  Sold  Edwin  Cate  1  oak  side- 
board, $20.  Bot.  of  Seth  Webb  1  carriage,  $200.;  and  sold  him  1  im.  b. 
w.  suit,  $100.  Sold  Frank  Gray  1  square  what-not,  $4.  (Write  two 
days'  business  on  one  page.)  14th.  Sold  Edwin  Cate  1  b.  w.  hat 
stand,  $6.,  1  round  table,  $8.  Bot.  of  Frank  Jones  1  pr.  gent's  fur 
gloves,  $5.,  1  fur  cap,  $2.  15th.  Sold  Seth  Webb  6  cane  chairs,  $9. 
Sold  Edwin  Cate  1  cherry  wardrobe,  $15.  Bot.  of  James  Guy  1  ton  s. 
coal,  $5.50,  1  ton  c.  coal,  $5.50.  16th.  Sold  Neal  Smith  1  easy  chair, 
$8.  Sold  Peter  Rice  1  pat.  child's  chair,  $6.,  1  folding  crib,  $4.  Reed, 
for    sales,    $251.80.     (23.)      (22.)     18th.     Sold    Seth    Webb    1    willow 


102        '      '  300K-KEEPING PART    THIRD. 

rocker,  $3.  1  m.  t.  table,  $7.  Bot.  of  Walter  King  1  scarf  pin,  $2.50. 
Reed,  of  James  Guy  cash  on  acct.,  $80.  Paid  for  bill  of  mdse.,  $672.11. 
Paid  expense  to  New  York,  $6.75.  19th.  Paid  freight,  $8.75.  Paid 
for  cartage,  $5.  Sold  Seth  Webb  1  pat.  c.  s.  rocker,  $8.,  1  corner  cup- 
board, $12.  Edwin  Cate  has  bought  1  bureau  and  book  case,  $13.50. 
20th.  Sold  Peter  Rice  1  pat.  lounge,  $20.  Sold  Neal  Smith  1  pat. 
lounge,  $20.  Bot.  of  Frank  Gray  1  register,  $3.,  1  child's  bath  tub,  $4. 
21st.  Reed,  of  Neal  Smith,  $100.  on  acct.;  and  sold  him  1,  14  ft.  ex. 
table,  $12.  Reed,  of  Peter  Rice,  $25.  on  acct.  22nd.  Sold  Henry 
Foster  1  cyl.  book-case,  $20.  Sold  Lewis  Rich  %■  doz.  curtain  poles 
and  fixtures,  $6.  Sold  Seth  Webb  1  Qu.  An.  cham.  set,  $50.  23rd. 
Sold  Edwin  Cate  1  library  chair,  $15.,  and  he  has  paid,  $50.  on  acct. 
Sold  Henry  Foster  1  cherry  wardrobe,  $20.,  1  easy  chair,  $15.,  1  pat. 
sp.  rocker,  $15.  Reed,  for  cash  sales  this  week,  $240.75.  (23.)  25th. 
Reed,  of  Lewis  Rich  $30  on  acct.  Sold  Seth  Webb  1  office  lounge,  $10., 
and  paid  him  $1.  to  bal.  our  acct.  26th.  Bot.  of  Walter  King  1  pr. 
bracelets,  $8.,  1  gent's  ring,  $10.  Paid  for  stationery,  $2.50.  (22.) 
27th.  Sold  Edwin  Cate  1  E.  L.  cham.  set,  $50.;  and  he  has  paid  $40. 
on  acct.  Sold  Neal  Smith  6  b.  w.  cane  seat  chairs,  $9.;  1  arm  chair, 
$8.,  1  c.  s.  rocker,  $3.  Sold  Henry  Foster  2  f.  screens  @  $3.  28th. 
Paid  for  postage  stamps,  $1.  Paid  for  show  case,  $10.  Reed,  of 
Henry  Foster  $90.  on  acct.;  and  sold  him  1  hair  mattress,  $12.  Sold 
Lewis  Rich  1  pat.  lounge,  $20.  29th.  Sold  Peter  Rice  1  hat  stand, 
$5.  Bot.  of  Ira  Cook  2  Smyrna  rugs,  $10.  Sold  John  Lee  1  m.  book- 
case, $5.  Paid  for  bill  of  mdse.,  $462.80.  30th.  Sold  Henry  Foster 
1  brocatelle  suit,  $95.  He  has  paid  cash  on  acct.  $100.  Gave  Lewis 
Rich  an  order  on  Ira  Cook  for  mdse.  to  the  amt.  of  $30.  (2  entries.) 
Paid  a  gas  bill,  $6.25.  Paid  for  clerk  hire,  $100.  Henry  Foster  has 
given  Levi  Long  an  order  on  me  for  $25.  (16.)  Neal  Smith  has  paid 
$50.  on  acct.     Reed,  for  cash  sales,  $220.10.     (23.) 

Balance  all  of  the  accounts,  except  James  Lawton's ;  open 
a  "Balance  Acct."  on  page  68,  as  in  last  set,  and  write  the 
statement  below  it.     (31.) 

The  value  of  the  Mdse.  per  inventory  is  $2487.35,  the  Cash 
on  hand  is  $542.,  Levi  Long  owes  $7.,  John  Lee,  $68.40, 
Henry  Foster,  $38.,  Lewis  Rich,  $62.,  James  Guy,  $67.50, 
Neal  Smith,  $12.,  Frank  Gray,  $10.50,  Peter  Rice,  $15., 
Walter  King,  $31.,  Edwin  Cate,  $37.50,  Frank  Jones,  $1.75, 
total,  $3380.  Bal.  due  Ira  Cook,  $50.,  Capital  at  closing, 
$3330.,  at  commencing,  $3130.  Write  the  net  gain,  $200.  on 
the  Cr.  side  of  the  proprietor's  account,  and  balance  it. 


(QUESTIONS 


1. — What  is  Book-Keeping? 

2. — Name  the  two  methods. 

3.— How  do  they  differ? 

4. — How  many,  and  what  methods  of  Single  Entry  book-keeping 
are  shown  in  this  book? 

5. — What  is  the  name  of  the  first  method? 

6. — How  many  books?  How  many  pages  for  an  account?  What 
is  the  relative  position  of  the  two  pages?  What  does  the  Dr. 
page  show?  The  Cr.  page?  How  many  columns  on  each  page? 
What  is  each  column  used  for? 

7. — How  do  you  open  an  acct.  in  the  Ledger?  Why  do  you 
write  the  name  in  the  index?  On  which  side  is  "To"  written? 
On  which  is  "By"  written?  How  and  when  do  you  charge  mdse. 
to  a  person?  How  and  when  do  you  credit  a  person  with  mdse.? 
Name  the  four  most  important  items  in  each  entry,  when  goods 
are  bought  or  sold  on  acct.     What  does  "on  acct."  mean? 

8. — What  is  the  cash  account  for?  What  does  the  Dr.  side 
show?  The  Cr.  side?  What  is  the  first  entry?  What  would  it  be 
if  you  had  none?  What  does  the  difference,  or  balance  show? 
Why  cannot  the  amount  of  the  Cr.  side  be  larger  than  the  amount 
of  the  Dr.  side? 

9. — What  entry  or  entries  do  you  make  when  you  pay  cash  on 
account?  When  you  receive  cash  on  account?  When  mdse.  is 
bought  for  cash?  When  sold  for  cash?  When  you  pay  cash  for 
expenses?  When  mdse.  is  sold  on  acct.?  When  you  buy  on  acct.? 
When  you  give  an  order ?  When  you  receive  an  order?  When  you 
receive  an  order  and  pay  it  when  presented?  When  you  loan  a 
small  sum  of  money?  When  you  borrow  a  small  sum  of  money? 
When  a  person  works  for  you,  and  you  do  not  pay  him  when  the 
work  is  done?  When  you  do  pay  him?  When  you  do  any  work 
for  a  person,  and  you  are  not  paid  immediately?  When  you  are 
paid  when  the  work  is  done? 

(I03) 


104  QUESTIONS. 

10. — How  do  you  balance  an  account?  Which  side  is  the  larger 
when  the  balance  is  due  you?  Which  when  you  owe  the  balance? 
What  entries  do  you  make  with  red  ink?  What  do  you  do  with  the 
balance,  if  the  account  is  continued,  and  not  settled  at  the  time? 
What  does  the  balance  of  the  cash  acct.  show? 

11. — What  do  you  write  when  you  receive  a  note  on  acct.?  A 
note  to  balance  an  account?  When  you  give  a  note  on  acct.?  A 
note  to  balance  an  account?  When  cash  is  paid  to  balance  an 
account? 

12. — How  do  you  carry  an  account  to  a  new  page?  Do  you  use 
red  or  black  ink  in  drawing  lines? 

13. — What  is  the  balance  of  Example  I?  Which  owes  it?  To 
whom? 

14. — Which  owes  the  balance  of  Ex.  II?  To  whom?  How  was 
Ex.  Ill  settled?  Who  gave  it?  What  was  the  amount  of  cash  oh 
hand,  in  Ex.  IV,  Part  First,  in  the  morning?  At  the  close  of 
business? 

15. — How  often  was  Ex.  V  balanced? 
How  was  Ex.  VI  settled?    Which  paid  it?     What  was  the  profit 

in  Ex.  VII? 

16. — When  you  keep  an  account  with  some  particular  property, 
as  "Sinclair  Farm,"  what  is  the  first  entry,  and  where  is  it  writ- 
ten? What  does  the  Dr.  side  show?  The  Cr.?  What  is  the  last 
entry,  and  where ?  What  does  the  balance  show?  What  profit  did 
the  property  No.  76  Orange  St.  pay?  How  would  you  keep  an 
account  with  a  ten  acre  orange  grove? 

17. — Are  the  nine  preceding  accounts  connected?  How  many 
entries  for  the  cash  items  in  these  accounts? 

18. — Are  the  accounts  in  Set  II  connected?  How  many  entries 
for  the  cash  paid  or  received  on  acct.  in  Set  II?     Did  you  forget? 

19. — In  Set  III  what  was  the  capital  at  commencing,  and  of 
what  did  it  consist?  When  did  you  open  a  bank  acct.?  What 
does  the  Dr.  side  show?  The  Cr.?  How  many  entries  when  you 
deposited  money?  When  you  gave  a  check  to  pay  on  acct. ?  When 
you  gave  a  check  to  pay  for  articles  just  bought,  and  not  credited? 

20. — How  many  items  did  you  write  in  the  mem.  of  Notes  Paya- 
ble for  each  note  ?    When  did  you  write  the  last  ?     How  many  were 


QUESTIONS.  105 

unpaid  at  the  end  of  the  first  year?  At  the  close  of  the  second? 
How  many  entries  when  you  loaned  money,  and  received  a  note 
for  it? 

21. — What  does  the  Cr.  side  of  Wm.  Starr's  statement  at  the 
end  of  the  first  year  show?  The  Dr.  side?  The  balance?  What 
were  the  profits  for  the  first  year?  What  was  his  capital  for  the 
second  year?  What  was  his  capital  at  the  close  of  the  second 
year?     What  were  his  profits  for  the  second  year? 


PART  SECOND. 

1. — What  should  be  observed  in  writing  the  different  parts  of  a 
letter?  (4  items.)  What  in  writing-  the  body  of  a  letter? 
(8  items.)     Why  should  you  avoid  a  careless  style? 

2. — What  is  a  receipt?  When  would  you  give  one?  When  de- 
mand one?     Why? 

3. — What  is  an  order?    What  three  names  are  written? 

4. — What  is  a  written  promise  to  pay  money  called?  What  is  a 
demand  note?  A  negotiable  note?  A  time  note?  A  joint  note? 
Where  does  the  indorser  sign  his  name  on  a  note?  What  does  it 
bind  him  to  do?  What  are  partial  payments?  Where  are  they  re- 
corded? What  does  three  days'  grace  mean?  What  is  Bank 
Discount?     Proceeds?     Face  of  note? 

5. — What  is  a  bill?  When,  how,  and  by  whom  is  a  bill  re- 
ceipted? 

6. — What  does  Single  Ledger,  Single  Page,  mean?  How  many 
books  are  used?  How  many  pages  for  an  account?  When  is  it 
better  to  use  one  page  instead  of  two?  (See  page  61.)  What  are 
the  first  money  columns  for?  The  second  money  columns?  How 
was  Ex.  X,  Part  Second,  balanced  and  settled?  Who  paid  it?  To 
whom? 

7. — How  was  Cone  and  White's  capital  at  commencing  found? 
What  is  the  benefit,  of  keeping  the  bank  account  as  it  is  kept  in 
Set  IV?  How  was  the  Statement  made?  How  was  the  profit  found? 

8. — What  was  Smith  and  Harris'  capital  when  they  commenced? 
What   was   the   name   and   amount   of   each   of   the   three   assets? 


106  QUESTIONS. 

"Which  two  accounts  did  you  open  first  ?  What  is  the  usual  time  of 
credit?  Did  they  all  pay  at  the  end  of  the  month?  What  were 
the  assets  at  the  time  of  closing  the  ledger?  What  was  their 
profit? 


PART  THIRD. 

1. — What  is  this  method  of  keeping  accounts  in  single  entry 
called? 

2. — How  many  books  are  needed? 

3. — Where  are  the  business  transactions  first  written?  Where 
and  how  often  is  the  date  written?  Which  cash  amounts  are 
written  in  the  day  book?  Which  are  not?  Are  they  all  written 
on  the  cash  account? 

4. — What  is  posting?  When  should  the  transactions  be  posted? 
What  do  you  write  in  the  ledger?  What  page  number  do  you 
write?  What  page  number  in  day  book?  Do  you  write  the  num- 
ber before  or  after  you  post  the  transaction?  Why?  Which  is 
the  first  account  to  open?  What  does  the  Cr.  side  show?  Did  he 
have  any  liabilities?  When  you  closed  the  set  what  account  did 
you  open?  What  did  the  Dr.  side  show?  The  Cr.  side?  The 
Balance?  Was  it  more  or  less  than  the  capital  at  commencing? 
How  did  you  find  the  profit?  Where  did  you  write  it?  Did  the 
balance  of  Mr.  Foster's  account  agree  with  the  balance  of  the 
"Balance  account"? 

5. — What  was  James  Lawton's  capital  at  commencing  in  Set 
VII?    At  closing?     Did  he  gain  or  loose?    How  much? 

6. — Can  you  take  foolscap  and  rule  a  page  for  Day  Book,  one  for 
Cash  Book, and  one  for  a  Ledger?  (This  is  a  favorite  Ex. question). 

7. — Which  is  the  Single  Ledger  like?  Can  you  tell  what  each 
space  is  for? 

8. — What  is  a  Statement?  How  written?  (See  page  24).  What 
are  assets?  Liabilities?  What  is  Net  capital?  Net  Insolvency? 
(30)  Read  page  21  and  see  the  three  things  a  person  not  in  busi- 
ness should  do.  Why  keep  a  cash  account?  Why  a  memorandum? 
Why  make  a  yearly  statement? 


. ^suDjectto  immediate  recall 

SEP    1 1960 
S£P~TrECI] 


LD  21-50^6/59 
(A2845sl0)476 


.General  Library 


<      I— '  >»•  v-^      ^       I 


M118288       ^ - 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


